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ram 1500 manual transmissionTo browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Help Center less You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Operator's Manual andbecome familiar with it and I n t rod u ct i o n.ABOUT THIS Hot 011 can cause severepersonal injury. Maintenance. Manual. Cummins Diesel. Engines.Agricultural. Construction. Industrial. Industrial Fire Pump. Logging.Mining. Railway. Generator They have the advantages of light weight,high power and torque rise, low fuel engines. CCEC is able to offercustomers with revision design,application engineering. Tonnes (T) shall betaken as metric tonne i.e. 1000 kg. Two nos. each with In-Line, 4-Cycle,6-Cyl, Cummins QSK-19 type or equivalent power as well as 24 VDCfor Low Voltage Gen-Set Control. 9. equivalent suitable for shuntingloco application.Qperation andCummins Diesel.It doesn't fare well when RamHemi owners take it to the drag strip for weekend racing. Follow theprocedures identified in the service manual. Application CUMMINS CES14118 For CUMMINS Modules, both analogue and IVS signals are factory preset according to CUMMINS Cummins 4 bt parts manual Cummins Gcs Control Manual Cummins ECM Manual Cummins 4bt Service Manual Installation Manual For N14 Plus Engines installations on n14 plus cummins engines. If further information is required, consult Cummins Power Generation. Sale of product shown or described in this literature is subject to terms and conditions outlined in appropriate Cummins Power Generation selling policies or other contractual agreement between the parties. This literature is not intended to and does not enlarge or add to any such contract. The sole source governing the rights and remedies of any purchaser of this equipment is the contract between the purchaser and Cummins Power Generation.You must satisfy yourself on that point.http://www.bluwash.co.kr/userfiles/3rd-edition-lrfd-manual.xml
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In no event will Cummins Power Generation be responsible to the purchaser or user in contract, in tort (including negligence), strict liability or otherwise for any special, indirect, incidental or consequential damage or loss whatsoever, including but not limited to damage or loss of use of equipment, plant or power system, cost of capital, loss of power, additional expenses in the use of existing power facilities, or claims against the purchaser or user by its customers resulting from the use of the information, recommendations and descriptions contained herein. A040S369 (Issue 9) vii 10 WARRANTY This page is intentionally blank.Electric power supplies are critical to almost any facility, and a reliable electric supply is vital to an increasing number of facilities. Facilities such as large office buildings and factories, as well as telecommunications installations, data centers, and Internet service providers are dependent on electric power that is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week with essentially no interruptions. This need is also fueled by the continuing proliferation of electronic computers in data processing, process control, life support systems, and global communications -- all of which require a continuous, uninterrupted flow of electrical energy. Beyond reliability concerns, there are growing economic incentives favoring the installation of on-site engine-generator sets. As a result, engine generator sets are routinely being specified for new building construction as well as for retrofits. They provide emergency power in the event of utility power failure and can be used to reduce the cost of electricity where the local utility rate structure and policy make that a viable option. Because of their important role, generator sets must be specified and applied in such a way as to provide reliable electrical power of the quality and capacity required.http://artbynela.com/uploads/3rd-edition-monster-manual.xml Prime power electrical supplies, to both remote communities that are not served by a commercial electric power grid, and to those sites where the commercial power grid is for some reason not available for extended periods of time, are also becoming a requirement, rather than a luxury, to many users. Whatever the use of the on-site power is intended to be, reliability of service from the on-site equipment, performance, and cost-effectiveness are primary concerns of users. This manual consists of seven major sections: Preliminary Design, Electrical Load Impact on Generator Sizing, Equipment Selection, Electrical Design, Mechanical Design and Appendix. Preliminary Design describes preliminary considerations for a generator set project. Equipment and installation requirements vary depending on the reasons for having the generator set and its intended use. When designing a generator set installation, Reviewing and understanding these reasons is useful as a starting point for the system design and equipment choices. Electrical Load Impact on Generator Sizing explains various load types, their characteristics and their impact on the generator set size, operation and equipment choices. Also covered is the topic of sequence of load connection. Equipment Selection explains the fundamental parts of a generator set and related equipment, their functions and interrelationships, and criteria for choices. Functional characteristics, criteria for choices and optional equipment needed are discussed. A040S369 (Issue 9) 1 12 1. Introduction Electrical Design covers installation design of the generator and related electrical systems, their interface with the facility along with load and generator protection topics. The electrical design and planning of the on-site generation system is critical for proper system operation and reliability. Mechanical Design covers installation design for the generator set and related mechanical systems along with their interface with the facility.http://www.raumboerse-luzern.ch/mieten/hotel-guest-service-training-manual The mechanical design and planning of the on-site generation system is critical for proper system operation and reliability. Topics include foundation and mounting, exhaust systems, cooling systems, ventilation, fuel systems, noise reduction, fire protection and equipment room. The Appendix contains numerous useful topics including an overview of GenSize sizing website and the Power Suite contents. Also included are a discussion of reduced voltage motor starting and useful references to world voltages, maintenance concerns, formulas, Code and Standards references and a glossary of terms. This manual describes the application of stationary gensets. This manual does not cover the application of stationary-designed commercial gensets into mobile applications, which are generally considered to be an unintended application. Cummins Power Generation (CPG) does not approve any mobile application of its commercial gensets except for those applications specifically designed and tested by CPG. If CPG's distributors or customers desire to apply stationary-designed commercial gensets into other mobile applications, then they should do so only after extensive analysis, testing, and clear communication with the end-use customer regarding possible limitations on the use or design life of the genset. CPG cannot ensure that the attributes of the product are the proper and sufficient ones for customers' mobile applications, therefore each customer must satisfy itself on that point. Each customer is responsible for the design and function of its own applications and installation. 1.3 Application Manuals Every standby generator set installation will require power transfer equipment, either transfer switches or paralleling switchgear. The proper system for the job and its proper application are crucial to reliable and safe operation. The following Cummins Power Generation application manuals address related aspects of standby and emergency power systems. Because these manuals cover aspects requiring decisions that must be taken into consideration early in the design process, they should be reviewed along with this manual. T-011: Transfer Switch Application Manual. Many applications utilize multiple power sources to enhance electric power system reliability. These often include both utility (mains) service and generator set service to critical loads. T-011 covers the various types of power transfer systems available and considerations for their use and application. Careful consideration of the power switching system at the start of a project will enable a designer to offer the most economically viable and most reliable service to the facility user. T-016: Paralleling Application Manual. Paralleling equipment makes two or more generator sets perform as one large set. This can be economically advantageous, especially when the total load is greater than 1000 kw. The decision whether to parallel sets must be made in the early stages of design, especially if space and the need for future expansion are critical factors. The information in T-016 assists in making this decision. 2 A040S369 (Issue 9) 13 Introduction T030: Liquid Cooled Generator Set Application Manual. Generator sets may operate as prime power sources or provide emergency power in the event of utility power failure. They may also be used to reduce the cost of electricity where the local utility rate structure and policy make that a viable option. T-030 provides guidance to system and facility designers in the selection of appropriate equipment for a specific facility, and the design of the facility, so that these common system needs are fulfilled. T-034: Networking Application Manual. Communication networks have long been used to make equipment and processes operate more reliably and efficiently. As power generation systems migrate from centralized to distributed generation and control, the communications infrastructure will need to become more comprehensive and standardized so that equipment from multiple suppliers will be able to communicate with each other seamlessly. The purpose of T-034 is to educate engineers, system integrators, distributors, and interested users in the fundamentals of networks, as they apply and are used in on-site power generation systems. 1.4 Safety Safety should be a primary concern of the facility design engineer. Safety involves two aspects: safe operation of the generator set itself (and its accessories) and reliable operation of the system. Reliable operation of the system is related to safety because equipment affecting life and health is often dependent on the generator set such as hospital life-support systems, emergency egress lighting, building ventilators, elevators, fire pumps, security and communications. Refer to the Codes and Standards section in the Appendix for information on applicable electrical and fire codes around the world. Standards, and the codes that reference them, are periodically updated, requiring continual review. Compliance with all applicable codes is the responsibility of the facility design engineer. For example, some areas may require a certificateof-need, zoning permit, building permit or other site-specific certificate. Be sure to check with all local governmental authorities early in the planning process. NOTE: While the information in this and related manuals is intended to be accurate and useful, there is no substitute for the judgment of a skilled, experienced facility design professional. A040S369 (Issue 9) 3 14 1. Introduction This page is intentionally blank. 4 A040S369 (Issue 9) 15 2 Preliminary Design 2.1 Overview Designing a generator set installation requires consideration of equipment and installation requirements. These vary depending on the reasons for having the generator set and its intended use. Mandatory installations for emergency and standby power follow, from building code requirements referenced by the regulations of federal, state, local, or any other governmental authority. These installations are justified on the basis of safety to human life, where loss of the normal power supply would introduce life safety or health hazards. Voluntary installations of standby power for economic reasons are typically justified by a mitigation of the risk of loss of services, data, or other valuable assets. Mandatory and voluntary installations of on-site generation may be justified on the basis of favorable load curtailment rates offered by the electric utility. The same on-site generation system may be used for both of these general needs, provided that life safety needs have priority, e.g. generator capacity and load transfer arrangements Specific Requirements A wide range of specific requirements will result in the need for on-site electric generation systems. Some common needs are outlined below. Lighting: Egress lighting for evacuation, illuminated exit signs, security lighting, warning lights, operating room lighting, elevator car lighting, generator room lighting, etc. Control Power: Control power for boilers, air compressors, and other equipment with critical functions. Transportation: Elevators for fire department use. Mechanical Systems: Smoke control and pressurization fans, waste water treatment, etc. Heating: Critical process heat. Refrigeration: Blood banks, food storage, etc. Production: Critical process power for laboratories, pharmaceutical production processes, etc. Space Conditioning: Cooling for computer equipment rooms, cooling and heating for vulnerable people, ventilation of hazardous atmospheres, ventilation of pollutants or biological contamination, etc. Fire Protection: Fire pumps, jockey pumps, alarm and annunciation. A040S369 (Issue 9) 5 16 2. Preliminary Design Data Processing: UPS systems and cooling to prevent data loss, memory loss, program corruption. Life Support: Hospitals, nursing homes, and other health care facilities. Communications Systems: 911 service, police and fire stations, hi-rise building public address systems, etc. Signal Systems: Railroad, ship, and air traffic control System Types and Ratings On-site power generation systems can be classified by type and generating equipment rating. The generating equipment is rated using standby, prime, and continuous ratings. The ratings definitions are important to understand when applying the equipment. The type of on-site generation system and the appropriate rating to use is based on the application. TABLE 1. RATING AND SYSTEM TYPES Generator Set Rating Standby Prime Continuous System Emergency Prime Power Base Load Type Legally-required Standby Peak Shaving Co-Gen Optional Standby Emergency Systems Rate Curtailment Emergency systems are generally installed as required for public safety and mandated by law. They are typically intended to provide power and lighting for short periods of time for three purposes: to permit safe evacuation of buildings, for life support and critical equipment for vulnerable people, or for critical communications systems and facilities used for public safety. Code requirements typically specify the minimum load equipment to be served Legally-Required Standby Legally-required standby systems are generally installed as mandated by legal requirements for public safety. These systems are typically intended to provide power and lighting for short periods of time where necessary to prevent hazards or to facilitate fire-fighting operations. Code requirements typically specify the minimum load equipment to be served Optional Standby Optional Standby systems are generally installed where safety is not at stake, but loss of power could cause an economic loss of business or revenue, interrupt a critical process, or cause an inconvenience or discomfort. These systems are typically installed in data centers, farms, commercial and industrial buildings, and residences. The owner of the system is permitted to select the loads connected to the system. In addition to providing a standby source of power in case of loss of a normal power supply, onsite generation systems are also used for the following purposes. 6 A040S369 (Issue 9) 17 Preliminary Design Prime Power Prime power installations use on-site generation in lieu of a utility electricity supply, typically where utility power is not available. A simple prime power system uses at least two generator sets and a transfer switch to transfer supply to the loads between them. One or the other of the generator sets runs continuously with a variable load, and the second generator set serves as backup in case of a failure, and to allow downtime for required maintenance. A changeover clock within the transfer switch alternates the lead generator set on a predetermined interval Peak Shaving Peak shaving installations use on-site generation to reduce or flatten peak electricity use for the purpose of saving money on energy demand charges. Peak shaving systems require a controller that starts and runs the on-site generator at the appropriate times to flatten the user's peak demands. Generation installed for standby purposes may also be used for peak shaving Rate Curtailment Rate curtailment installations use on-site generation in accordance with electric energy rate agreements with the serving electric utility. In exchange for favorable energy rates the user agrees to run the generators and assume a specified amount of load (kw) at times determined by the utility, typically not to exceed a specified number of hours per year. Generation installed for standby purposes may also be used for rate curtailment Continuous Base Load Continuous base load installations use on-site generation to supply a constant power (kw) typically through interconnection equipment into a utility grid. These installations are usually owned by electric utilities or under their control Co-Generation Often, continuous base load generation is used in Co-Gen application. Simply put, Co-Gen is utilizing both the direct electricity generation and waste exhaust heat to substitute for utility supplied energy. The waste heat is captured and either used directly or converted to electricity. 2.3 The One-Line Diagram A one-line electrical system diagram is an important element for understanding the system and connection arrangement. These diagrams depict the major components such as generator(s), power transfer equipment, protective relaying, overcurrent protection.A one-line diagram should be developed as early as possible during the project planning to aid the system design. A040S369 (Issue 9) 7 18 2. Preliminary Design FIGURE 1. TYPICAL ONE-LINE DIAGRAM OF AN ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM 8 A040S369 (Issue 9) 19 Preliminary Design 2.4 Guidelines for Generator Set Power Ratings Power ratings for generator sets are published by the manufacturers in accordance with ISO These ratings describe maximum allowable loading conditions on a generator set. The generator set will provide acceptable performance and life (time between overhauls) when applied according to the published ratings. It is also important to operate generator sets at a sufficient minimum load to achieve normal temperatures and properly burn fuel. Cummins Power Generation recommends that a generator set be operated at a minimum of 30 of its nameplate rating. The following explanations describe the power rating types used by Cummins Power Generation. The associated Figure 2 on page 10 thru Figure 5 on page 11, depict the load levels (P 1, P 2, P 3, etc.) and time at that load level (T 1, T 2, T 3, etc.) allowed under the various ratings Standby Power Rating The standby power rating is applicable to emergency power applications where power is supplied for the duration of normal power interruption. No sustained overload capability is available for this rating (Equivalent to Fuel Stop Power in accordance with ISO3046, AS2789, DIN6271 and BS5514). This rating is applicable to installations served by a reliable normal utility source. This rating is only applicable to variable loads with an average load factor of 70 percent over 24 hours of the standby rating for a maximum of 200 hours of operation per year. In installations where operation will likely exceed 200 hours per year at variable load, the prime power rating should be applied. The standby rating is only applicable to emergency and standby applications where the generator set serves as the back up to the normal utility source. No sustained utility parallel operation is permitted with this rating. For applications requiring sustained utility parallel operation, the prime power or base load rating must be utilized Prime Power Rating The prime power rating is applicable when supplying electric power in lieu of commercially purchased power. The number of allowable operating hours per year is unlimited for variable load applications but is limited for constant load applications as described below (in accordance with ISO8528) Unlimited Running Time Prime Power Prime power is available for an unlimited number of annual operating hours in variable load applications. Applications requiring any utility parallel operation at constant load are subject to running time limitations. In variable load applications, the average load factor should not exceed 70 percent of the Prime Power Rating Limited Running Time Prime Power Prime power is available for a limited number of annual operating hours in constant load applications such as interruptible, load curtailment, peak shaving and other applications that normally involve utility parallel operation. The total operating time at limited running time prime power must not exceed 500 hours per year. Generator sets may operate in parallel with the utility source up to 500 hours per year at power levels not to exceed the Prime Power Rating. Any application requiring more than 500 hours of operation per year at the Prime Power Rating should use the Base Load Power Rating. 1 Ratings for Cummins Power Generation generator sets are published in Power Suite A040S369 (Issue 9) 9 20 2. Preliminary Design FIGURE 2. STANDBY POWER RATING FIGURE 3. UNLIMITED RUNNING TIME PRIME POWER 10 A040S369 (Issue 9) 21 Preliminary Design FIGURE 4. LIMITED RUNNING TIME PRIME POWER FIGURE 5. BASE LOAD POWER Base Load Power Rating (Continuous Power Rating) The base load power rating is applicable for supplying power continuously to a load up to 100 of the base rating for unlimited hours. No sustained overload capability is available at this rating. This rating is applicable for utility base load operation. In these applications, generator sets are operated in parallel with a utility source and run under constant loads for extended periods of time. A040S369 (Issue 9) 11 22 2. Preliminary Design Sizing It is important to assemble a reasonably accurate load schedule as soon as possible for budgeting project costs. If all the load equipment information is not available early in the project, estimates and assumptions will have to be made for the first sizing calculations These calculations should be iterated as more accurate information becomes available. Large motor loads, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), variable frequency drives (VFD), fire pumps, and medical diagnostic imaging equipment have considerable effect on generator set sizing and should be looked at closely. Tight specifications on transient performance, voltage and frequency dip and recovery times, during motor starting and block load acceptance also have considerable effect on sizing. See Chapter 3 on page 23 in this manual regarding sizing calculation and the kinds of information needed for different types of load equipment. VFD 100 oversize unless pulse-width-modulated, then 40 oversize. When loading the generator set, division of the loads into discrete steps or blocks of load may have a favorable effect on the size of generator set required. Use of multiple transfer switches or some other means (time delay relays, PLC, etc.) would be necessary to allow the generator set voltage and frequency to stabilize between steps. Depending on the total load (generally above 500 kw), it may be advantageous to parallel generator sets. Although technically feasible, it is usually not economically feasible to parallel generator sets when the total load is 300 kw or less. 2.6 Location Considerations One of the first design decisions will be to determine whether the location of the generator set will be inside a building or outside in a shelter or housing. The overall cost and ease of installation of the power system depend upon the layout and physical location of all elements of the system -- generator set, fuel tanks, ventilation ducts and louvers, accessories, etc. For both indoor and outdoor locations, consider these issues: Generator set mounting Location of distribution switchboard and transfer switches Branch circuits for coolant heaters, battery charger, etc. Security from flooding, fire, icing, and vandalism Containment of accidentally spilled or leaked fuel and coolant Possible simultaneous damage to normal and emergency services Service access for general maintenance and inspections. Access for load bank testing when required for maintenance, proper excersize, or code. 12 A040S369 (Issue 9) 23 Preliminary Design Outdoor Location Considerations Airborne noise and treatment. Sound barriers may be required. In addition, increased distance between the generator set and the noise sensitive area will decrease the perceived noise. Acoustic housings are often available and may be required to meet customer expectations or local noise ordinances. Weather protective housing may be required, as their name suggests, for protection from weather but also may provide a certain level of security as well as aesthetic containment of the generator set. Starting and accepting load, and doing so within specific time constraints, in cold ambient temperatures may be an issue. Emergency systems as defined by codes require the ambient temperature around the genset to be maintained at minimum levels. Examples are NFPA110 which requires the minimum ambient temperature around the generator set to be 40 F (4 C), and CSA 282 which requires this minimum temperature to be 10 C (50 F). An insulated and perhaps heated housing may be required. A housing that is designed strictly for acoustic treatment will contain insulation material but may not provide sufficient heat containment. Several auxiliary heating devices may be required for starting or improved load acceptance, even if the application is not an emergency system. Heaters for coolant, batteries, even oil may be necessary. Refer to Section on page 69 for more detailed information. Fuel conditioning and heating. At cold ambient temperatures diesel fuel will become cloudy, clog filters and pumps, or not flow sufficiently. Blended fuels are often used to address this issue however, fuel heating may be required for reliable operation. The salt air in coastal regions may cause corrosion issues on outdoor-installed steel genset enclosures, skid bases, and fuel tanks. The use of an optional aluminum genset enclosure and skirt, whenever offered by CPG, is considered to be proper installation practice due to the additionial corrosion resistance and is thus required for outdoor applications in coastal regions, defined as locations 60 miles and closer to bodies of saltwater. Service access for major repairs, component replacement (such as radiator or alternator), or overhaul, should be considered in the design of housings and placement of generator sets near other equipment or structures. These allowances include access covers, removable housing walls, adequate spaces to nearby structures, and access of required support equipment. Security fences and sight barriers Property line distances Engine exhaust must be directed away from vents and building openings. Lightning protection A040S369 (Issue 9) 13 24 2. Preliminary Design Indoor Location Considerations Dedicated generator room - For emergency power systems, certain codes may require that the generator room be dedicated for that purpose only. Also consider the effect that large ventilating airflow would have on other equipment in the same room, such as building heating equipment. Fire rating of room construction - Codes typically specify a 1 or 2 hour minimum fire resistance rating. Consult local authorities for applicable requirements. Working space - Working space around electrical equipment is usually specified by code. In practice, there should be at least three feet (1 m) of clearance around each generator set.