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autocad tutorial manual downloadCheck out these bestselling titles to get inspired: No part of this site may be reproduced without our written permission. For the French side of the island, see Collectivity of Saint Martin. For the Dutch side of the island, see Sint Maarten. For other uses, see Saint Martin (disambiguation). Martinois ( French ); St. Maartener ( Dutch ) Population 77,741 (1 January 2009) Pop.The division dates to 1648. The southern Dutch part comprises Sint Maarten and is one of four constituent countries that form the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The northern French part comprises the Collectivity of Saint Martin and is an overseas collectivity of the French Republic.There is no border between these countries in continental Europe.The Dutch side is more heavily populated. The largest settlement on the entire island is Lower Prince's Quarter, which is on the Dutch side.Both sides are hilly with large mountain peaks. This forms a valley where many houses are located. There are no rivers on the island, but there are many dry gullies. Hiking trails give access to the dry forest that covers tops and slopes.Saint Martin is northwest of Saint Barthelemy and is separated from that French overseas collectivity by the Saint-Barthelemy Channel.However, he actually applied the name to the island now called Nevis when he anchored offshore on November 11, 1493, the feast day of Saint Martin.Martin was populated, if at all, by Carib Amerindians. Slavery was abolished in the first half of the 19th century. On some of their territories the British imported Chinese and South Asians to take the place of slaves. Thus, St. Martin and the other islands are populated by a mixture of Amerindian, European, African, Indian, and Asian peoples.Folklore surrounds the history of the once ever-changing border division between St. The point where they eventually met was set as the other extreme of the island, and the subsequently created line was chosen as the frontier, dividing Saint-Martin from Sint Maarten.https://www.thesourcebookonline.com/helpfiles/electrolux-t4530-service-manual.xml
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Seemingly, the French walker had walked more than his Dutch counterpart (they earned their respective lands 54 km.In addition to damage caused by high winds, there were reports of serious flood damage to businesses in the village of Marigot. Looting was also a serious problem.In 2000, the island had about one million visitors annually.Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( May 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) English is the most commonly spoken language along with a local dialect. The official languages are French for Saint-Martin, and both Dutch and English for Sint Maarten. Other common languages include various French-based creoles (spoken by immigrants from other French Caribbean islands), Spanish (spoken by immigrants from the Dominican Republic and various South American countries), and Papiamento (spoken by immigrants from Aruba, Bonaire and Curacao).With the exception of Nevis, all of these islands are easily visible on a clear day from St. Martin.Passport controls are also exercised when taking the ferry from Marigot or Princess Juliana International Airport to Anguilla. There are rarely checks at the border between the two sides of the island. After some delay, the treaty was ratified in November 2006 in the Netherlands and subsequently entered into force on 1 August 2007.Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( May 2021 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) The short main runway at Princess Juliana International Airport and its position between a large hill and a beach cause some spectacular approaches.It frequently suffers thick fog during the hurricane season due to its location.Retrieved 27 January 2009. Retrieved 20 August 2012. Oxford University Press. pp. 108 -109. Archived from the original on 17 February 2013.http://eortak.com/img/fck_temp/electrolux-support-manual.xml Retrieved 21 February 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 July 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2016. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Martin: House of Nehesi Publishers, 2000. Central Intelligence Agency. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. For the last few years Saint Martin's Island, which is the only coral-bearing island in Bangladesh, has been facing an ecological disaster due to excessive tourism activities. This island is under threat from unlimited and environmentally irresponsible tourism activities. The fragile ecosystem of Saint Martin's Island is only suitable for the sustainable tourism. The aim of this study is to know the perception and awareness level of young tourists about sustainable tourism. This study examines the social, economic and environmental impacts of tourism. To achieve the objectives of the study, data were collected from 150 tourists through questionnaire.During the to urist season an average of 3500 people visit this island daily, whic h is beyond the carrying capacity of this small marine island. For the last few years Saint Martin's Island, which is the only coral-bearing island in Banglades h, has been facing an ec ological d isaster d ue to excessive tourism activities. This island is under threat fro m unlimited and environ mentally irresponsible tourism act ivities. The fragile eco-system of Saint Martin's Island is o nly suitable for the sustainable tourism. T he aim of this study is to know t he p erception and awareness level of young to urists about sustainable tourism. This study e xamines the social, economic a nd environmental impacts of tourism. To achieve the objectives of the study, data were collected from 150 tourists through questionnaire. With its attractive natural views, sea water and its colonies of corals this island b ecame a trending tourist spot. Due to its unique environmental and ecological conditions, it is the only destinatio n in Bangladesh where coral colonies are found (Islam a nd Thompson, 2010 ). The island is o n the west o f northwest coast of Myanmar and on the south side of the Cox’s Bazar. It is believed that the island is officiall y named after, Mr. Martin, a British government o fficial who first took this island under Settlement record. Around 350 0 people visit this island daily during November to April ever y year, wh ich is considered to be a pick season for domestic tourism. Unfortunately, this little marine island doesn ’t have this much carrying capacity. Mo reover, there are regular large ferry and engine boat service that is used for carrying tourist to the island. In addition, large a mounts o f unprocessed wastes which include sewage from t he local people and tourists are also discharged into the water (Feeroz, 20 09 ). For that reason, the quality of coastal water is degrading gradually which badly i mpact on the total ecological balance of this island. Tourism activities on extreme level have brought ecological disaster on this one and only coral-bearing island in Bangladesh. Due to the eco -unfriendly mass touri sm and unmonitored tourism activities huge a mount of sewage and waste are being disposed in the island resulting a heavy b urden on the island. The fragile eco - system of Saint Martin's Island is only suitable for the sustai nable tourism. Moreover, the tourist hotel and resort built at the west beach of the island has directly linked its sewage line to the seawater which contaminates the ground water and badly affects the bio-diversity o f the island. Besides that, hotels are also liable for making lighting hazard in the nearby sandy beach, which was previously used as a nesting ground by th e turtles (Abdullah, Chowdhury a nd Hossain, 2010). The collection of corals and shells as so uvenirs by the tourists is posing a threat to the island ’s ecosystems. In recent years tourism ha s increased in the de veloping countries like Banglades h. Bangladesh has seen a huge growth in do mestic touris m in the la st decade and young tourists poses a large share of this gro wth. Besides the huge growth of tourism, it is imperative for us to think ab out t he d estination sustainability. W e know that Saint Martin Island is one of the most a ttractive and vulnerable tourist destinations in Ban gladesh. For that reason, this paper will address the various issues of sustainable tourism and also try t o understand the young tourist precipitation about sustainable tourism. Many regions, like Saint Martin Island, were facing real p roblems caused by mass tourism. Researchers have identified three types of impacts: economic, social and environmental. These impacts can be positive, negative o r both at the same time (Fennel, 2007; Ma son, 2 003; Saarinen, 2007). On the other side, the negative impact may consist o f: traditional clashes, standardization of culture as prod uct, the import of bad practice br ought by the tourists (socio-cultural); seasonal jobs, financial leakages and inflation (economic); contamination and extension o f t he c onstructed environment in the natural place (environmental) (Bac, 2003). However, previous studies indicate th at tourism generates bo th negative and positive re sults. For that reason the idea of “Sustainable Tourism” h as been emerged as an alternative to the traditional mass tourism. Some authors state that sustainable tourism is a part of sust ainable development. Saarinen (2006) states that the term sustainability is conveyed to tourism studies from the concept of sustainable develop ment with the Brundtland Commission’s report - “Our Common Future” in 1987. Hunter (2 002) notes that although the idea of sustainable tourism is evolved from the sustainable development but it is considered an independent and distinc t component of the tourism development. Some authors (Hunter, 2002; Swarbroke, 199 9) believe that the expansion of tourism must provide economic remuneration to all stakeholders and manage and preserve all the available resources for the future generations. So, fundamental requirement of sustainable tourism is that it should incorporate all the sectors of tourism and also address the principles of su stainable tourism. The UNWTO and UNEP (2005) defined sustainable tourism as “tourism that takes full account of its c urrent and future economic, social and environme ntal impacts, addressing the needs of visitors, the industry, t he environment and host communities”. According to Coccossis (1996) there are at least four ways in which to interpret tourism with the principles of sustainable development: economic sustainability, ecological sustainabilit y, long-term viability of tourism and accepting touris m as a par t of an overall strategy of sustainable development. Moreo ver, Bramwell (1996) identifies seven different dimensions o f sustainability and these are: environ mental, political, cultural, economic, managerial, social and g overnmental. So, sustainable tourism will help to m inimize the negative impacts of tourism activities and will h elp to preserve and conserve the natural built environment. T he Saint Martin’s island is the only coral bearing island of Bangladesh. B ut, mess tourism has become detr imental for the wellbeing of this unique ecosyste m. We are on the ver ge of destroying our one a nd only coral bearing is land. Unless the visitors of Saint Martin’s Island rapidly adopt ecologically responsible behavior, its unique biodiversity will continue to be degraded (Islam and Thompson, 2010). Every destination has its own capacity. People visit the place to feel the natural environment but nature must not be irritated. Carrying Capacity Assessment (CCA) is important because it focuses on the relationship between the numbers of tourists and their impact on nature (Hasan, Hassan a nd Islam, 201 4). The co ncept of carrying capacity in tourism develops from a perception that tourism can grow in a place without causing irreparable damage to the local system. For this reason, this concept is important in the tourism planning which aims to develop sustainable tourism. Hasan, Hassan and Isla m ( 2014) conducted a study on carrying capacity on Saint Martin Island. They also evaluated the Effective Carrying Capacity (ECC) of the Saint Martin’s Island and determined that it is about 1835 tourists per day. 2.2 Sustainable Tourism and Young Tourists In recent years, many studies focus on the importance of tourist behavior in sustainable tourism development. Fo r that reason, a wide range of analytical models have been used to identify di fferent to urist profiles and their particular choice, motivations and behaviors (Crompton, 1979; Dann, 19 97; McIntosh and Goeldner 199 0; Moscardo, et. al., 1996; Plog, 1974). Only a few studies focu s on the young tourist market and their per ception and attit ude o n tourism development. Most of the time, youth tra vel i s co nsidered as a less productive sector because expenditure of youngsters is comparatively low (Firth and Hing, 1999). But, the Moreover, several studies have increasingly turned attention to a particular segment of tourist demand that is young tourists. Pendergast (2010) stated that the young tourists are the new visitor segment of tourism market. Accord ing to Vukic, Kuzmanovic and Stankovic (2015) young market is not only becoming larger but also that it repr esents the future market. In fact, WTO ( 2008) published that about 20 percent of international arrivals are young tourists. Both to urists flow and spending power is making it the fastest gro wing sector o f the hospitality industry. That’s why researchers at last devoted th e much needed attention in this arena. Previous studies revealed t hat the youth and st udent travelers age 15 to 29 are estimated to represent 23 percent of international tourist arrivals. Generally youth tourists loved to travelling unknown a nd remote places to experience a variety of culture. T hey choose their vacation in their own way and prefer travelling by bus or train that allows them to interact with the local community. Young to urists also avoid the activities that are destructive to the environmental. So these factors are directly or indirectly related with the sustainable tourism. On the other hand, UNTWO and W YSE Travel Confederation (2011) describ ing youth and student travelers as paving the way for sustainable tourism. Therefore this st udy w ill investigate the young tourists’ behavior while travelling and their sensitivity to sustainability. Thus this study will contribute, o n the one hand, to increasing our knowledge of this segment and, on the other, to suggesti ng destinations how to improv e. III. METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design The investigation pr ovides the researcher insights about the problems or situation of the research. In order to collect information from the tourists who have visited Saint Martin Island a structured questionnaire is designed. For gathering descriptive information, the most suitable approach is survey, which can be structured or unstructured. A structured survey is conducted using q uestionnaire forms and is called structured because all the respondents are asked in the same way. The questionnaire is divided into tw o parts; part one co nsists of questions on socio-demograp hic character istics of the respondents and part two co nsists of questions on tourist perception and awareness level about sustainable touris m in Saint Martin Island. 3.2 Sample and Data Collecti on This study involved both p rimary and secondary data where the primary data collected from the young tourists who have already visited Saint Martin Island. A group of 150 tourists has been surveyed through a questionnaire for that purpose. The sample of 150 tourists hav e selected based on Simple Random Sampling method. In order to collect approp riate information, a questionnaire is delivered to the tourists. T he secondary data mainly consist s o f data and information collected from records, websites and published materials. Secondary data was also collected from journals, magazines and b ooks. 3.3 Questionnaire Design and Scaling technique The questionnaire is divided into two parts. There are eight questions in part one mainly focus on the socio-demographic characteristics of the tourists. Thirty two q uestions ar e included in part two to measure the tourist perception and awareness level of sustai nable tourism and these 32 statements of the questionnaire are divided into 12 aims of the sustai nable tourism which i s developed by the UNWTO. Questions in part two mainly focus on social, environmental and economic aspects of tour ism. Basically sustainab le tourism addresses these three components of a destination. If one i s strongly a greed with particular statement that indicates he is highly satisfied with t hat par ticular cr iterion. On the other hand, if one is strongly d isagreed with particular statement that indicates he has negative attitude or dissatisfaction with that particular criterion. In this study, data obtained from part one analyzed and presented by the percentage. After that t his study used mean a nd standard deviation to anal yzed data obtained from part two. IV. DISCUSSION AND FINDINGS 4.1 Demographic Profile of Respondents In this section, the background information of the respondents of the survey i s presented. P articularly, it provides the socio- demographic information about respondents’ gender, ag e and education level. It also provides information about the respondents’ travel pattern in Saint Martin like the freque ncy of the visit, length of stay and daily expenditure during the stay. Table 1: Demographic Profile of Respondents Variables Categories No.About 50 percent touris ts visi ted saint Martin Island for the first time and a portion visit twice. Majo rity of the respondents stayed 3 to 4 days at saint Martin Island and their average expenditure during stay were one thousand to two thousand taka per day. 4.2 Young Tourists Perception and Awareness Level o n Sustainable Tourism in Saint Martin Island To examine the young tourists’ perception and a wareness level on s ustainable tourism, 32 Likert scale statements based on a five-point scale w ere used. This condition is reversed for the negative statements. The mean scores and standard deviations for the 32 statements on tourists’ per ception and awar eness level are shown in Table 2. Table 2: Means and Standard Deviations for the 32 Statements No. Descriptive Statistics Mean Std. Deviation Economic Viability 1 Local people earn enough by doing business related to touris m 3.9875.92084 2 Tourism in Saint Martin brings economic benefits to the communit y people. 4.0375.78666 Local Prosperity 3 Tourism creates jobs more for externals than local residents 3.4375 1.16753 Economic viability mainly depends on the loca l people ’s ea rning capability and community involvement in tourism related activities. This study found that respondents have positive perception towards economic viability of tourism in Saint Martin Island. It is found that m ore than 81 percent tourists believe local people earn enough by d oing tourism related business and 83 percent respondents state that Tourism in Saint Martin brings economic bene fits to the community people. These two statements focus on the local job creation and opportunity to create new market for local product throug h tourism activities. More than 50 p ercent of th e tourist state that tourism cr eates jobs m ore for external s than lo cal residents. This study found that respondents generally have a positive attitude towards employment opportunity and quality of tourism i n Saint Martin I sland. More th an 67 percent respondents state that loca l people get jobs because of tourism development in their community and 63.8 percent tourists state that because of tourism entrepreneurial attitude grown a mong the local residents. Local residents in Saint Martin Island engage in sm all business in the tourist season. This section mainly focuses on the local people ’s life style and inclusion of disadvantage groups in to urism activities. Four statements in the questionnaire mainly focus on the visitor experience. First two statements sho w negative perception of visitor satisfaction. 57.5 percent tourists are dissatisfied with the security syste ms in the sea beach and to urist ship. More than 5 0.1 percent tourists state that they do not see any kind of guid eline or instruction for tourists in Saint Martin Island. 37.5 percent state that accommodation system is m oderate and 52.6 percent have a positive perceptio n on accommodation facilities. In this study 86 p ercent tourists state that it is necessary to bring all the sta keholders (loca l govt., local people and tourism business operato r) in the tourism plan ning process. More tha n 81 percent tourists believe that environmental protection is a significant issue for Saint Martin I sland. 83.8 perce nt tourists state that the co llection of corals and shells as souvenirs by the tourists is posing a t hreat to the island. But majority of the tourists state that Tourists are concerned about ecological balance. Ma jority of the tourists state that it is important to Some o f them love to repeat their v isit at the same destination w hich is help ful for the destination. They usually stay longer than the average stay at Saint Martin Island. They thin k tourism activities fina ncially b enefited local people in terms of earning, living standar d and e mployment opportunity. But at the same time they are neutral about the en trepreneurial attitude of local people and they express that e xternal people get more job than local people because they do not get a ny kind of training facilities. But environ ment is th e most vital factor for the study area becau se o f the unique physical setting. Even most of the respondent s do not know the Saint Martin's Island has been declared an Ecologically Critical Area an d is protected under the law. They also express that they do not see enough guideline and instruction for tourist at Saint Marti n Island. VI. CONCLUSION From last decade, Saint Martin I sland has become a great tourist attraction spot i n Bangladesh. Lately, it has turned as a fast eco nomic growing spot d ue to tourism business. Conseque ntly, the natural environment and ecosystem is co ntinuously deteriorating at an alarming rate. Therefore, government and local authority have already adopted some polic y and plans but imperfect implementation hereto. Moreover, lack of awareness among local p eople and tourist is a great barrier to implement all the planned policies and laws. The broader message of this study is that while tourism could provide economic benefits to the local resid ents, careful planning a nd i mplementation policies are required in order to limit its negative environmental impacts. It is important to maintain the carr ying capacity and restrict the tourism activities in Saint Martin Island. This st udy found that tourists are not aware abo ut the ecological aspects of this island. So, it is necessary to take some initiatives that will cr eate awareness among tourists. In addition, proper coordination among the stakeholders is necessary for the development of sustainable touris m on this island. A Management and Resources Development Initiative by Manus her Jo nno Foundation. Tourismos: An International Multidisciplinary Journal of Tourism. In: Prietley, G. K., Edwarads, J. A. and Coccossis, H. eds. Sustainable T ourism. European Experiences. CABI, UK, pp. 1- 21. Martin’s Island -Coastal and Wetlands Biodiversity Mana gement Pro ject. The Power of Youth Travel.Similarly no conservation strategy were taken for St. Martin's Island and that views also supported by different authors on their reports, news and publication on the destruction of St. Martin's Island and its coral resources. Different recent report also alarming that if not proper conservation strategy taken for St. Realizing the importance and significance of St. Martin's Island and its rich biodiversity and the urgency for the conservation of this resources, the present study conducted for zoning plan is proposed as a key tool for the management of Narikel Jinjira as a marine protected area.. FACTS ON CORALS.pdf Article Full-text available Jan 2020 Abhijit Mitra Saint Martin is an only tropical island of Bangladesh having coral and adjacent rich biodiversity which is built of organic material derived from associate organism of coral ecosystem. Present study was conducted to developed the exclusive zoning plan that based on the specific goal of managing natural resources of St.Martin’s island.. The authors mentioedn that it is important to recognize that the current zoning plan is based on the assumption that conservation and sustainable use of natural resources are the primary objectives. This is found that climate Change is now affecting the biodiversity of ST. Martin island and coral reef diversity hampering due to vulnerability of environmental degradation and climate change. The authors mentioned that, participation and involvement of island inhabitants should required to prime concern for successful implementation of the effective zoning management plan. Desired level of usage can be achieved through interventions, but only in consultation and active cooperation and participation with local communities, with a clear recognition that additional environmental, biological, socioeconomic and sociopolitical data are required for an effective management and conservation of corals and other marine biodiversity of St. Martin’s island through proper implementation of zoning and Marine Protected Area. View Show abstract. Similarly no conservation strategy were taken for St. Martin's Island and its rich biodiversity and the urgency for the conservation of this resources, the present study conducted for zoning plan is proposed as a key tool for the management of Narikel Jinjira as a marine protected area.. AN EXPLORATION OF LAND ZONING OF CORAL ISLAND OF BANGLADESH FOR REDUCING THE VULNERABILITY OF CLIMATE CHANGE Article Full-text available Sep 2020 Prabal Barua Syed Hafizur Rahman Abhijit Mitra Sufia Zaman Saint Martin is an only tropical island of Bangladesh having coral and adjacent rich biodiversity which is built of organic material derived from associate organism of coral ecosystem. Martin's Island and its rich biodiversity and the urgency for the conservation of this resources, the present study conducted for zoning plan is proposed as a key tool for the management of Narikel Jinjira as a marine protected area.. An Exploration Of Land Zoning Of Coral Island Of Bangladesh For Reducing The Vulnerability Of Climate Change Article Full-text available Jan 2020 Abhijit Mitra Saint Martin is an only tropical island of Bangladesh having coral and adjacent rich biodiversity which is built of organic material derived from associate organism of coral ecosystem. Martin's Island and its rich biodiversity and the urgency for the conservation of this resources, the present study conducted for zoning plan is proposed as a key tool for the management of Narikel Jinjira as a marine protected area.. An Exploration Of Land Zoning Of Coral Island Of Bangladesh For Reducing The Vulnerability Of Climate Change Article Full-text available Sep 2020 Prabal Barua Abhijit Mitra Sufia Zaman Syed Hafizur Rahman Saint Martin is an only tropical island of Bangladesh having coral and adjacent rich biodiversity which is builtPresent study was conducted toSt.Martin’s island.. The authors mentioedn that it is important to recognize that the current zoning plan isMartin island and coralThe authorsDesired level of usage can be achievedView Show abstract. Environmental problems like global warming, soil erosion, depletion of ozone layer, different environmental pollution, over consumption of natural resources and excessive usage of non-renewable resources are becoming severe with the technological advancement in hotel industry. As a result, many hotels and participants in this particular industry are responding to environmental problems (Nafi and Ahmed, 2017).. MPHIL THESIS- FARZANA RIVA (BUP) Thesis Jan 2020 Farzana Riva The study re-conceptualized how defensive green marketing is operationalized through the pressure from different parties to obtain environmental sustainability in hotel industry of Bangladesh. The study examined the relationships among different factors of green marketing (regulatory pressure, customer pressure, competitor pressure and pro-environmental behavior) and environmental sustainability (environmental performance and economic performance). So far, 14 species of algae have been recorded on Saint Martin's Island. Rashedul Mozumder M.H. M. The importance of recreational fishing, in many coastal areas and less developed nations, is increasing rapidly.