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android thunderbolt owners manualOur payment security system encrypts your information during transmission. We don’t share your credit card details with third-party sellers, and we don’t sell your information to others. Please try again.Please try again.Please try again. Includes four parts--Police Administration, Police Procedures, Police Investigations and Selected Laws. Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Show details Sold by ExtraMile and ships from Amazon Fulfillment.Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. Videos Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video. Upload video To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. It also analyzes reviews to verify trustworthiness. Page 1 of 1 Start over Page 1 of 1 Previous page Next page. The most complete, accurate and timely information available for law enforcement in New York State. A compilation of a broad range of information sources vital to success. A guide to 50-a, the most contentious state law on the books Legislators are pushing for transparent police records. The Police Benevolent Association argues that puts officers at risk. By JEFF COLTIN, AMANDA LUZ HENNING SANTIAGO October 18, 2019 Secrecy over police records is enshrined in 50-a, a hotly contested law that has been litigated up to New York’s highest court in recent years. Now, Section 50-a is getting more scrutiny than ever. A report commissioned by the NYPD, recommended that the department support amending the law to allow for greater disclosure. And the high-profile May trial of NYPD Officer Daniel Pantaleo put internal police discipline in the spotlight.http://sabagdasarov.ru/upload/eftpos-manual-logon.xml

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Since Democrats have full control of the government in Albany, criminal justice reform and transparency advocates are hoping to repeal 50-a, and to stop treating first responders’ records differently than other public servants. Does anybody remember the last three names. I dare say most of you don’t.” State Sen. Jessica Ramos, who is in favor of repealing 50-a, fired back at Matarazzo, asking him if he could name any of the three people most recently killed by the NYPD. Matarazzo was only able to name two people: Eric Garner and Sean Bell. While both have been killed by cops in recent years, neither are among the last three. State Sen. Julia Salazar also questioned union officials at the hearing about why New York’s record disclosure laws should “continue to lag behind” other states. I asked the PBA who were the last three people killed by the NYPD and they had no idea. We should know who did it, why they did it, and you know all the details,” Gwen Carr, the mother of Eric Garner who was killed by an NYPD officer five years ago, said at the hearing. “But this is hidden because of 50-a,” Section 50-a makes all “personnel records used to evaluate performance towards continued employment or promotion” for police officers, firefighters and correction officers “confidential and not subject to inspection or review” except by court order. The law was passed in the 1970s, but only become a major focus of police transparency activists in the past few years. “50-a, it’s always represented an obstacle, but it’s never been as bad as it is now,” said Michael Sisitzky, who leads the police transparency and accountability campaign at the New York Civil Liberties Union. The NYCLU and its legal allies have brought lawsuits meant to weaken the law, but the courts have usually ruled against transparency, limiting what records can be disclosed.http://artoren.ru/files/eftpos_user_manual.xml Since there has never been a vote, it’s unclear how much support there is for the bill, although more than 20 Assembly members have signed on as co-sponsors. As of early May, O’Donnell said he hadn’t started counting votes yet, but planned to send a letter to colleagues soon. O’Donnell has an influential constituency on his side: the press. Ten media companies, including The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, signed on to an amicus curiae brief in July 2018 supporting the wider disclosure of records blocked by 50-a, saying their release is in the “vital public interest.” The Daily News, New York Post and Times editorial boards, which agree on very little, have all written in support of reforming the law. “Since the press wants this very much,” O’Donnell said, “it puts a lot of (lawmakers) in a difficult circumstance to say they’re going with the PBA (and) against (the) freedom of information.” New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio, rarely one to publicly disagree with his police department, also backs reforms. But advocates like Joo-Hyun Kang, director of Communities United for Police Reform, aren’t convinced that the NYPD wants to see change. The city has defended the law in court, and Kang hasn’t seen de Blasio or NYPD Commissioner James O’Neill make a strong lobbying push. Both the NYPD and the Civilian Complaint Review Board were expected to testify for the law’s reform, but were barred from doing so by de Blasio for unknown reasons, according to the New York Post. “NYPD leaders have made their position on supporting reforms to 50-a clear and maintain that it remains important to increase transparency and accountability in policing,” an NYPD spokesperson said, in a statement emailed to Gothamist. Though Gov. Andrew Cuomo has championed criminal justice reforms lately, he has been relatively quiet on 50-a. Cuomo used the issue in 2016 to tweak his rival de Blasio, suggesting he was more progressive on police accountability than the mayor. But the governor has said little on the subject since, and didn’t mention the controversial law in his 2019 State of the State book, despite a section on “increas(ing) public trust in New York’s law enforcement agencies.” Asked to comment on the proposed reforms in May, Cuomo spokesman Don Kaplan wrote: “As we’ve previously said, we would be open to considering changes to the law.” Lawmakers in Albany have options for changes. Brooklyn state Sen. Kevin Parker is the sponsor of two bills, S4214 and S4215, that would amend 50-a to allow for greater disclosure without repealing the law entirely. Bronx state Sen. Jamaal Bailey is sponsoring a full repeal bill, S3695, that matches O’Donnell’s in the Assembly. That “Blue Lives Matter” bill would make violence targeting first responders a hate crime, and the divisions were similar to the debate over 50-a. Police unions support the bill as a safety measure, and criminal justice reformers say it undermines legal protections that should be reserved for historically disadvantaged groups. That bill was voted out of the Codes Committee in May, with two Democrats joining the minority Republicans in support. Two more Democratic senators abstained, giving tacit approval. As of May 13, the 50-a legislation remained in the Codes Committee, and Bailey said there’s “no timetable” for moving it forward.All rights reserved. His organization promotes greater transparency, accountability and fiscal responsibility in state government, which often puts him at odds with lawmakers and the governor. McMahon previously worked as a journalist in Albany, as an Assembly Republican staffer and a budget adviser for almost 30 years, giving him great insight into the goings-on in the Capitol. The NYPD is headquartered at the One Police Plaza.Assigned to preform Special Weapons and Tactics. The unit also deals with several forms of computer forensics. Police units based in these precincts patrol and respond to emergencies. Only currently active laws are included; repealed laws are not shown. You can obtain charge code information in two report formats: pdf and excel. (You can save the report and then reformat it, if desired.) Also, you can easily search on a law description, or portion of a description, in order to find a particular law. All law titles, not just penal and vehicle and traffic laws, are included. It includes all law titles and repealed laws. It is the least serious type of proscribed activity and encompasses such offenses as harassment, trespass, and disorderly conduct. A person arrested for committing a violation may be taken into custody but will usually be issued an appearance ticket indicating the time and place that he must appear in court. A violation is not a crime. A misdemeanor is a crime. Petit larceny, criminal mischief in the fourth degree and assault in the third degree all fall into this category. Misdemeanors are grouped into one of three classes: Class A, Class B, or Unclassified. Upon conviction of a Class “A” misdemeanor, a court may sentence an individual to a maximum of one year in jail or three years probation. Offenders found guilty of Class “B” misdemeanors face maximum penalties of up to three months imprisonment or one year probation. In addition, a fine of up to five hundred dollars or double the amount of the defendant’s gain from the commission of the crime may be imposed. An unclassified misdemeanor is any offense not defined in the Penal law (other than a traffic violation) for which a sentence of imprisonment of greater than 15 days but not in excess of one year may be imposed. A felony is a crime. There are five categories and two subcategories of felonies (A-I, A-II, B, C, D, and E) ranging from the most to least serious in terms of severity of offense and the degree of potential punishment incurred. The penalty can vary from a term of probation to life imprisonment.For example, burglary in the third degree is a Class D felony and burglary in the second degree, the more serious offense, is a Class C felony. There are approximately 500 local police agencies in New York State.In those cases where the commission of crimes crosses jurisdictional boundaries, state and local police agencies may join their resources in the investigation of criminal matters. Some local criminal courts are also referred to as simply “justice courts.” Local criminal courts have trial jurisdiction of all offenses other than felonies. If a person has been arrested on a felony charge, the case will ultimately be transferred to a superior court unless the charge is reduced to a misdemeanor or a violation. Supreme courts handle mostly civil disputes, and a limited number of felony cases. Superior courts have exclusive trial jurisdiction of felonies, and may also try misdemeanor cases. If a defendant charged in an indictment with a felony or misdemeanor is also charged with a violation, that charge too may be tried in a superior court. At the county level, the office of district attorney, an elected office, prosecutes all alleged violations of the penal law that take place within a county and consequently this office is responsible for prosecuting the vast majority of all criminal offenses. The Office of State Attorney General, also an elected post, represents the State’s interests in such diverse areas as consumer fraud, environmental protection and organized crime. When the Attorney General successfully prosecutes in these and other areas, criminal sanctions are often imposed on the convicted offenders. This task is carried out through the offices of United States Attorneys, located in each federal district throughout the nation. The plan may provide for representation by a public defender, by a private legal aide society or bureau, by a panel consisting of private counsel (Section 18B of the County Law of NYS ) or by a combination of any of the foregoing. Counsel must be provided to anyone charged with an offense, other than a traffic infraction, for which a sentence to a term of imprisonment is authorized upon conviction. Such questions arise in one of two principal contexts: the defendant’s competency to proceed and the defendant’s mental status at the time of the offense. The issue of competency can be raised at any time prior to the point that the defendant is sentenced. These persons can be transferred to a psychiatric hospital for treatment and may be returned to stand trial once their competence has been restored. It is an affirmative defense, meaning that the defendant has the burden of establishing the defense by a preponderance of evidence. According to Section 40.15 of the New York State Penal Law, a person is not criminally responsible for conduct if “at the time of such conduct, as a result of mental disease or defect, he lacked substantial capacity to know or appreciate either: A police officer may apprehend and take into custody a person who commits a violation, misdemeanor of felony in the police officer’s presence. New York law also allows a police officer to make an arrest for a felony not committed in his or her sight and without a warrant whenever the officer has “reasonable grounds” to believe that a felony has been committed and that the defendant is the person who has committed the crime. Generally the police are required to obtain an arrest warrant before arresting an individual in his or her home. It is a three-step procedure which involves: Outside New York City, the booking facility may be a local police station in the case of cities, a town or village police station, a state police barracks, or a county sheriff’s office, depending upon where the arrest occurred and which law enforcement agency made the arrest. In New York City, all prisoners are booked at a facility known as Central Booking. The interviewers from CJA obtain information on the defendant’s occupation, residence, and family status and, whenever possible, verify such information through third party contacts: relatives, neighbors or employers. This information is made available to the judge, the prosecutor, and the defense attorney at the defendant’s arraignment in criminal court. (See section on Arraignment for a fuller discussion of the use of CJA reports at arraignment). Agencies like CJA are located in other areas of the State, e.g., Buffalo and Rochester. The accused may be required to post pre-arraignment bail (also known as station house bail) to secure later court appearance. Such an accused is given an Appearance Ticket (also known in New York City as a Desk Appearance Ticket or DAT). Unless released on an Appearance Ticket, the accused is brought to a local criminal court by the arresting officer at the completion of the booking process. As a safeguard against illegal detention in jail, the law requires that the arrested person be promptly arraigned before a judge. If the arrest is made on a weekend, the person may have to be detained at a police lockup for as long as 48 hours before a judge becomes available. If so, a formal complaint against the accused is filed in a local criminal court by the District Attorney’s office on behalf of the People of the State of New York. This written document must be processed along with the defendant’s criminal history (called a NYSID report or “rap sheet”) before the defendant can be arraigned. The District Attorney receives a copy of the formal complaint, usually at arraignment. Counsel is appointed to represent the defendant at arraignment unless the defendant can afford a lawyer and the lawyer is present. At the arraignment proceeding the accused is: There are several reasons why this occurs. Most defendants choose to waive a formal public reading of the charges against them. Often, if the courtroom is crowded and there is no microphone in use, the noise level makes it difficult to hear what is happening. Also, the large number of defendants being arraigned in a busy urban area often means that each case receives no more than two or three minutes of attention. The amount and form of bail set by the judge depends on the circumstances of the case. Bail may be posted in cash or through the services of a bail bondsman who charges a fee (established by statute) and who, in most cases, requires collateral. Once bail has been posted, the defendant is released from custody. These reports include information regarding the defendant’s community ties, length of residence in the county, employment and educational history. This process, known as plea-bargaining, has become the rule rather than the exception in many of the courts of New York State. Plea bargaining generally entails: For example, plea-bargaining may by warranted as a means of shielding the victim of a crime from the trauma of public testimony or as an appropriate disposition for a first offender. The following statistics help to shed light on another reason why plea-bargaining occurs. In 1998, there were 62,944 felony indictments and Supreme Court informations in New York State, but only 3,354 trials (5). In order to try all those indicted, the court system would require massive increases in funding to pay for more court facilities, judges, prosecutors, clerks, court officers, court reporters and jurors. The defendant should admit his or her guilt, and promises made to the defendant should appear on the record. If the plea is to a misdemeanor, sentence may either be imposed immediately or there may be an adjournment for a pre-sentence investigation report by the Probation Department. On a plea of guilty to a felony, there must be an adjournment for such a report prior to sentence. Guilty pleas to misdemeanors may be taken either in a superior court or a local criminal court. If such reasonable cause is found, the defendant may be confined in custody pending grand jury action. Such hearings are more common outside the City of New York. The specified time in question is 120 hours from arraignment or 144 hours if there is an intervening Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday. The right to a preliminary hearing may be waived. These time limitations are contained in Section 180.80 of the Criminal Procedure Law. Hence, at the arraignment, reference will frequently be made to the “one eighty-eighty day.” That is, of course, a reference to the day by which the prosecutor must either have obtained an indictment or be ready to proceed with a preliminary hearing. Both are, in effect, affidavits. The difference is that an information is sworn to by a person who has first-hand knowledge of the facts, while a complaint, in whole or in part, is based upon facts learned from another. If this time limitation is not met, the defendant must be released from custody. As this time limitation is contained in Section 170.70 of the Criminal Procedure law, such day of release will frequently be referred to as a defendant’s “one seventy seventy day.” Some motions are procedural, such as a motion to adjourn the case or to delay sentencing. With few exceptions, the defense has 45 days to make its substantive motions. New York practice calls for an “omnibus” written motion, which will include requests to discover information about the People’s case and, possibly, to suppress certain evidence. When evidence is illegally obtained, for example, such evidence is not admissible at trial. The defense lawyer will seek to exclude evidence, and a hearing to decide the motion may be held before trial. The lawyer may argue that the defendant acted involuntarily due to pressure, tricks, threats, or physical abuse, or that the defendant was not properly advised of his or her right to remain silent and the right to counsel (called Miranda warnings) or that the statement was the product of an illegal arrest; and The grand jury serves two functions, one judicial and the other investigative. In its judicial capacity, the grand jury hears evidence presented by the District Attorney and determines whether sufficient evidence exists to charge a particular defendant with a particular felony. Ordinarily while the grand jury is in session, the only people present are the Assistant District Attorney, the jurors themselves, court personnel and witnesses who may be called to give evidence. Any person who appears as a witness and has signed a waiver of immunity has a right to an attorney. Although the attorney may act as an advisor to his or her client, the attorney may not otherwise take part in the proceedings. The foreman of the grand jury then files the indictment with the superior court. After hearing evidence, the grand jury may file a report with the court which impaneled it with a finding as to whether such misconduct or neglect has occurred. If accepted by the court, the grand jury’s report may serve as the basis for removal or disciplinary action against the named official. In this system, one judge handles a particular case from inception to conclusion, with assignment of the case to a particular judge accomplished in a neutral manner. Depending upon the county, such assignment may precede or follow arraignment on the indictment in the Superior Court. If such bargaining fails to result in an agreement, motions will be made and decided and a trial date will be fixed. A defendant has a waivable right to jury trial in all felony cases and in those misdemeanor cases in which a sentence of more than six months may be imposed. A trial before a judge without a jury is known as a bench trial. A jury in a felony case consists of twelve persons with up to four alternate jurors. The names of prospective jurors are chosen from lists of registered voters, licensed drivers and recipients of state income tax forms (County Jury Commissioners may supplement these lists with names from other sources). In general, the order of a jury trial is as follows: In criminal cases, the jury must be unanimous in order to reach a verdict of guilty to a charge. All felony convictions require a presentencing report prepared by the Department of Probation. The judge may, however, order a presentence investigation and report at any time during the trial process for misdemeanors as well as felonies. The reports provide the judge with information on the defendant’s background, possible mitigating circumstances involved in the crime, the likelihood of successful probation and suggested programs of rehabilitation. The judge is under no legal obligation to follow the Probation Department’s recommendation. A person convicted of a felony after a previous felony conviction within the preceding ten years (excluding times of incarceration) is known as a predicate felon or a predicate violation felon (if both the current and prior felonies are designated as violent felonies by the penal law). A predicate felon or a predicate violent felon must be sentenced to state prison with a sentence of which the minimum must be one-half of the maximum. A non-predicate felon sentenced to state prison will usually receive a sentence of which the minimum is one-third of the maximum. The minimum sentence for a predicate violent felon is greater than the minimum for a predicate felon which is in turn, greater than the minimum for a non-predicate felon. Such sentences carry maximums of life imprisonment as well as substantial minimum sentences. If a probationer fails to honor the mandated provisions, the probation officer can file a violation of probation and recommend that probation be revoked. The probationer will then be ordered to appear in court for a hearing to determine whether he violated a condition of his probation. If it is determined that he has, the court may impose a sentence of incarceration. Standards promulgated by the state require specific education and training for probation officers and regulate the conduct of pre-sentence investigations, the content of presentence reports, and the manner in which probation supervision is provided. The reduced probation caseloads and greater frequency of contact distinguishes this form of probation from regular probation. In selected cases, intensive supervision probation may be appropriate for persons with mental illness who may otherwise face incarcerative sentences. Felony offenders may return to the community in the following ways: Inmates make an initial appearance before the Board of Parole two months before their eligibility date. Inmates denied release will reappear before the Board for consideration at a later date. When the good time earned is equal to the unserved portion of the maximum term, the inmate may be released on conditional release. Good time allowances do not affect the minimum term of imprisonment but does provide for possible release after serving two-thirds of the sentence. Parole Officers are unique in that they are both peace officers and caseworkers who provide supervision and support services to parolees. Parole Officers are the bridge between the newly released individual and the community. They coordinate the delivery of available services, help to motivate and guide parolees and report on their progress. Parole Officers can revoke parole for violations of conditions or release and return the parolee to custody (usually in county jail) pending preliminary and final hearings before a Parole Board. Research indicates that in New York State the possibility of being granted parole was reduced if an inmate had an episode of inpatient psychiatric care while incarcerated. (Townsend, 1989). To be eligible, defendants must not: Under this legislation, “Juvenile Offenders” are prosecuted in the criminal courts. Juvenile Offenders are defined as: The District Attorney recommending removal of the action to the Family Court after indictment must submit a written memorandum setting forth the reasons and the judge must accept these reasons. In practice, since the law was passed in 1978, 69 of all juvenile offender cases commenced in New York City were either removed to Family Court, dismissed, or not prosecuted by the District Attorney’s office. New York City has had almost 87 of the juvenile offender arrests in New York State. These programs exist at different points in the criminal justice process and vary from community to community. However, Alternatives to Incarceration Programs are frequently operated by private, not-for-profit agencies or are located within an existing criminal justice agency ( e.g., probation departments that operate pretrial release programs, sheriff’s departments that operate community service sentencing programs). While several jurisdictions possess all of the models described, even the sparsely populated counties of New York State often possess one or more program models. These programs gather and evaluate information about each defendant ( e.g., a defendant’s community ties) and provide this information to the courts, thereby enabling the courts to release defendants who would otherwise be detained. Through the assistance provided to the courts by these programs, defendants may be released on recognizance ( ROR ) or released with court ordered conditions. This latter form of release holds promise for defendants with a history of mental illness or other individuals with treatment needs. Commonly regular visits to a therapist or mental health clinic is made a condition of pretrial release; this requirement will continue until case disposition. By evaluating defendant’s personal circumstances ( e.g., need for treatment), preparing reports and memoranda and, in some cases, arranging for a defendant’s participation in treatment programs, defender-based advocacy programs facilitate pretrial release, plea bargaining and non-incarcerative dispositions, and prepare alternative sentencing proposals. These programs may be known by other titles such as Public Defender’s Program, Client-Specific Planning, and may be based in Public Defender’s Offices or private law offices. Individual participation ranges from a brief, daily visit to daylong attendance and the level of service provided varies according to the needs of each client. Day reporting programs provide a regimen that falls between jail and intensive probation supervision. Although this intermediate sanction should not be confused with traditional day treatment programs this program model’s capacity for the coordination of service delivery suits it to the forensic mental health client. Offenders are placed in not-for-profit or public agencies where they work for a specified number of court ordered hours or days. Careful selection of offenders, in combination with appropriate treatment and community support systems, make this intermediate sanction suitable for some offenders with mental illness. To be eligible for local conditional release, an offender must be sentenced to ninety days or more and must serve at least sixty days of that sentence. In reviewing applications for local conditional release, the LCRC may consider proposals for treatment ( e.g., outpatient treatment, or participation in a community-based mental health residence) in lieu of incarceration.