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2013 mazda 6 owners manual

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2013 mazda 6 owners manualPage Count: 570 Black plate (1,1)In Brief........................ 1-1. Instrument Panel.............. 1-2. Initial Drive Information........ 1-8. Vehicle Features............. 1-25. Performance and. Maintenance................ 1-32. Keys, Doors and Windows... 2-1. Keys and Locks............... 2-2. Doors.......................... 2-9. Vehicle Security.............. 2-11. Exterior Mirrors............... 2-14. Interior Mirrors................ 2-17. Windows..................... 2-18. Roof.......................... 2-20. Seats and Restraints......... 3-1. Head Restraints............... 3-2. Front Seats.................... 3-3. Rear Seats................... 3-11. Safety Belts.................. 3-12. Airbag System................ 3-29. Child Restraints.............. 3-47. Storage....................... 4-1. Storage Compartments........ 4-1. Instruments and Controls.... 5-1. Controls....................... 5-2. Warning Lights, Gauges, and. Indicators................... 5-11. Information Displays.......... 5-32. Vehicle Messages............ 5-41. Vehicle Personalization....... 5-50. Universal Remote System.... 5-58. Lighting....................... 6-1. Exterior Lighting............... 6-1. Interior Lighting................ 6-8. Lighting Features.............. 6-9. Infotainment System......... 7-1. Introduction.................... 7-1. Radio.......................... 7-8. Audio Players................ 7-14. Rear Seat Infotainment....... 7-36. Phone........................ 7-48. Climate Controls............. 8-1. Climate Control Systems...... 8-1. Air Vents..................... 8-10. Driving and Operating........ 9-1. Driving Information............. 9-2. Starting and Operating....... 9-31. Engine Exhaust.............. 9-40. Automatic Transmission...... 9-42. Manual Transmission......... 9-48. Drive Systems................ 9-50. Brakes....................... 9-63. Ride Control Systems........ 9-67. Cruise Control................ 9-69. Object Detection Systems.... 9-72. Fuel..........................http://www.etre-cheval.fr/Applications/MAMP/htdocs/etre cheval/news_pix/dx-60d260a13-manual.xml

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9-79. Towing....................... 9-85. Conversions and. Add-Ons................... 9-117Black plate (2,1)Vehicle Care................. 10-1. General Information.......... 10-2. Vehicle Checks............... 10-4. Headlamp Aiming........... 10-41. Bulb Replacement.......... 10-43. Electrical System............ 10-47. Wheels and Tires........... 10-55. Jump Starting............... 10-94. Towing...................... 10-99. Appearance Care.......... 10-104. Service and Maintenance... 11-1. General Information.......... 11-1. Scheduled Maintenance...... 11-2. Recommended Fluids. Lubricants, and Parts....... 11-8. Maintenance Records....... 11-12. Technical Data............... 12-1. Vehicle Identification......... 12-1. Vehicle Data.................. 12-2. Customer Information....... 13-1. Customer Information........ 13-1. Reporting Safety Defects.... 13-15. Vehicle Data Recording and. Privacy.................... 13-16. Index..................... i-1Black plate (3,1). Introduction. The names, logos, emblems,CHEVROLET, the CHEVROLET. Emblem, SILVERADO, and Z71This manual describes features thatLitho in U.S.A. Part No. 25965913 C Third Printing. Please refer to the purchaseFor vehicles first sold in Canada,Motors of Canada Limited” for. Chevrolet Motor Division whereverIf the vehicle is a hybrid, see theKeep this manual in the vehicle forCanadian Vehicle Owners. Proprietaires Canadiens. A French language copy of thisOn peut obtenir un exemplaire deHelm, Incorporated. P.O. Box 07130. Detroit, MI 48207All Rights Reserved.Black plate (4,1). Using this Manual. To quickly locate informationDanger, Warnings, and. Cautions. Warning messages found on vehicleThese mean there is somethingNotice: This means there isThis would not be covered byThe vehicle has components andM: This symbol is shown whenDanger indicates a hazard with aWarning or Caution indicates aSymbols. A circle with a slash through it is aNot,” “Do not do this,” or “Do not letBlack plate (5,1).http://chinawin-invest.com/upload/dx-390-manual.xml Vehicle Symbol Chart. Here are some additional symbolsI: Cruise Control. B: Engine Coolant Temperature. O: Exterior LampsChangerRestraints. Brake System Warning Light. Malfunction Indicator LampMirrorsF: Traction Control. M: Windshield Washer FluidBlack plate (6,1). IntroductionBlack plate (1,1). In Brief. Instrument Panel. Version)..................... 1-2. Instrument Panel (Premium. Version)..................... 1-6. Initial Drive Information. Remote Keyless Entry (RKE). System...................... 1-8. Remote Vehicle Start......... 1-8. Door Locks................... 1-9. Windows...................... 1-9. Seat Adjustment............. 1-10. Memory Features............ 1-13. Heated Seats................ 1-14. Head Restraint. Adjustment................. 1-14. Safety Belts.................. 1-15. Sensing System for. Passenger Airbag. Mirror Adjustment. Steering Wheel. Adjustment. Throttle and Brake Pedal. Interior Lighting. Exterior Lighting. Climate Controls. Transmission. Four-Wheel Drive............Radio(s). Satellite Radio. Portable Audio Devices. Steering Wheel Controls. Cruise Control. Navigation System...........Center (DIC). Rear Vision. Camera (RVC). Ultrasonic Parking Assist. Power Outlets. Universal Remote System. Sunroof......................Tire Pressure Monitor........ 1-33. Engine Oil Life System...... 1-33. Fuel E85 (85 Ethanol)..... 1-34. Driving for Better Fuel. Economy................... 1-34. Roadside Assistance. Program.................... 1-34Instrument Panel. Black plate (2,1)Black plate (3,1). A. Air Vents on page 8?10. B. Turn and Lane?Change Lever. See Turn and Lane-Change. Signals on page 6?6.C. Driver Information Center (DIC). Buttons. See Driver Information. Center (DIC) on page 5?32.Transmission on page 9?42.Range Selection Mode (AllisonSee Manual Mode onController (If Equipped). See. Trailer Towing on page 9?89.K. Data Link Connector (DLC)Indicator Lamp on page 5?24.D. Hazard Warning Flashers onG. Infotainment on page 7?1. M. Parking Brake on page 9?64. E. Instrument Cluster onH. Instrument Panel Storage onN. Dome Lamps on page 6?8. Fog Lamps on page 6?6O. Cruise Control on page 9?69.Steering Wheel Adjustment onUltrasonic Parking Assist onQ. Horn on page 5?4. Pedal Adjust Button (If. Equipped). See Adjustable. Throttle and Brake Pedal onR. Steering Wheel Controls onS. Automatic Transfer Case. Control (If Equipped). See. Four-Wheel Drive onAshtrays on page 5?11 and. Cigarette Lighter on page 5?10. Exhaust Brake (If Equipped). See “Brakes” in the DuramaxW. Climate Control Systems (with. Air Conditioning) on page 8?1 or. Climate Control Systems (with. Heater Only) on page 8?4 (If. Equipped). Dual Automatic Climate Control. System on page 8?5 (If. X. Power Take Off (PTO) ControlOff (PTO) in the Duramax dieselEquipped). See Airbag On-Off. Switch on page 3?37.Black plate (5,1). In BriefInstrument Panel (Premium Version). Black plate (6,1)Black plate (7,1). Signals on page 6?6. Integrated Trailer Brake. Controller (If Equipped). See. Trailer Towing on page 9?89. K. Dome Lamps on page 6?8. D. Hazard Warning Flashers onE. Shift Lever. See Automatic. Transmission on page 9?42. N. Hood Release. See Hood onC. Instrument Cluster onRange Selection ModeMode on page 9?45.G. Driver Information Center (DIC). Center (DIC) on page 5?32. H. Infotainment on page 7?1.Dual Automatic Climate Control. System on page 8?5Control (If Equipped). See. Four-Wheel Drive onM. Data Link Connector (DLC)Indicator Lamp on page 5?24. U. Power Outlets on page 5?9.Q. Steering Wheel Adjustment onR. Horn on page 5?4. S. Steering Wheel Controls onT. Climate Control Systems (with. Equipped).See Ashtrays on page 5?11 and. Cigarette Lighter on page 5?10.Pedal Adjust Button (If. Throttle and Brake Pedal onUltrasonic Parking Assist onExhaust Brake (If Equipped). See “Brakes” in the DuramaxW. Passenger Airbag Off ControlOn-Off Switch on page 3?37.In Brief. Initial Drive. Information. See Keys on page 2?2 and Remote. Keyless Entry (RKE) System. Operation on page 2?3. This section provides a briefRemote Vehicle Start. For more detailed information, referStarting the Vehicle. Remote Keyless EntryThe RKE transmitter is used toWith this feature the engine can bePress K again within three secondsPersonalization (with DIC Buttons)L: Press and release to locateWhen the vehicle starts, the parkingBlack plate (9,1). In BriefDoor Locks. Windows. There are several ways to lock andCanceling a Remote Start. Turn the hand crank on each doorFrom outside, use the Remote. Keyless Entry (RKE) transmitter orPower Door LocksIf available, these switches are onTo cancel a remote start. See Remote Vehicle Start onPress to unlock the doors. Press to lock the doors. See Door Locks on page 2?7. Crew Cab Shown. If available, the power windowIn Brief. The driver door has a switch for thePower Sliding Rear Window. Seat Adjustment. Manual Seats. Push the switch to lower theFor more information, see:On vehicles with a power slidingWindows on page 2?19. The power sliding rear windowTo adjust the seat:See Seat Adjustment on page 3?3Black plate (11,1). Power SeatsSee Power Seat Adjustment onLumbar Adjustment. Manual Lumbar. To adjust the power lumbar support,To adjust a power seat, if equipped:If available, raise or lower theSee Lumbar Adjustment onOn vehicles with two-wayIn Brief. On vehicles with four-wayReclining Seatbacks. Manual Reclining Seatbacks. To return the seatback to the uprightSee Lumbar Adjustment onSee Reclining Seatbacks onTo recline a manual seatback:Black plate (13,1). Power Reclining Seatbacks. Memory FeaturesTo save into memory:See Power Mirrors on page 2?15Brake Pedal on page 9?31 forTo adjust a power seatback,See Reclining Seatbacks onOn vehicles with the memoryNot all mirrors and adjustableTo recall, press and release “1”P (Park). A single beep will sound. The seat, outside mirrors, andIn Brief. See “Memory Seat, Mirrors, and. Pedals” under Power Seat. Adjustment on page 3?5 and Vehicle. Personalization (with DIC Buttons)Heated Seats. Do not drive until the head restraintsEasy Exit Driver Seat. To achieve a comfortable seatingThis feature can move the seatB: Press to recall the easy exitSee “Memory Seat, Mirrors, and. Personalization (with DIC Buttons)Head Restraint. If available, the controls are on theI: Press to heat theSee Heated Front Seats onFor more information see Head. Restraints on page 3?2 and Seat. Adjustment on page 3?3.Black plate (15,1). Safety Belts. The passenger sensing system,Refer to the following sections forProperly on page 3?16.Children (LATCH System) onIf the vehicle has one of theIf there is an airbag off switch, theSwitch on page 3?37 for moreUnited States. Canada and Mexico. See Passenger Sensing System onIn Brief. Exterior Mirrors. See Manual Mirrors on page 2?14 or. Power Mirrors on page 2?15. If the vehicle has towing mirrors,Manually pull out the mirror head toMirrors on page 2?14. Power Foldaway Mirrors. To fold the mirrors:Vehicles with outside power mirrorsManual Foldaway Mirrors. Manually fold the mirrors inwardTo fold, pull the mirror toward theSee Folding Mirrors on page 2?15. Interior Mirror. Vehicles with a manual rearviewVehicles with the automatic dimmingSee Automatic Dimming Rearview. Mirror on page 2?17 for moreBlack plate (17,1). AdjustmentDo not adjust the steering wheelThrottle and Brake Pedal. On vehicles with this feature, youSee Adjustable Throttle and Brake. Pedal on page 9?31. Dome Lamps. The dome lamps are located in theThey come on when any door isThe tilt lever is located on the lowerTo adjust the steering wheel:The control used to adjust theTurn the instrument panelThe dome lamps remain on until theIn Brief. Dome Lamp Override. Reading Lamps. The dome lamp override button isFor vehicles with reading lamps inExterior Lighting. The vehicle may also have readingTo turn theFor more information about interiorControl on page 6?8. The exterior lamps control is locatedO: Turns off the automaticLamps (DRL). Turn the headlampDRL back on.Black plate (19,1). For vehicles first sold in Canada,AUTO: Automatically turns on theIn BriefClimate ControlsL: Push the paddle at the top of. Climate Control System (With Air Conditioning). These systems control the heating, cooling, and ventilation.A. Fan Control. E. Outside Air. B. Temperature ControlG. Rear Window Defogger. D. Air Conditioning. Air RecirculationBlack plate (21,1). Climate Control System (With Heater Only). A. Fan Control. B. Temperature Control. C. Air Delivery Mode Control. See Climate Control Systems (with. Heater Only) on page 8?4.In Brief. Dual Automatic Climate Control System. Range Selection Mode. A. Driver and Passenger. Temperature Controls. H. DisplayB. Fan ControlD. DefrostSee Dual Automatic Climate Control. System on page 8?5.G. Air Delivery Mode Control. PASS (Passenger). The Range Selection Mode switch,Selection feature, move the columnBlack plate (23,1). In BriefSee Manual Mode on page 9?45. While using Range Selection Mode,Grade Braking is not available when. Range Selection Mode is active. Four-Wheel DriveIf the vehicle has Four-Wheel Drive,Transfer Case Buttons. The vehicle will have one of theseFour-Wheel Drive modes. This transfer case shift lever is onIn Brief. Electronic Transfer Case. Automatic Transfer Case. AUTO (Automatic Four-Wheel. Drive): This setting is ideal forFour-Wheel-Drive High positionThis transfer case knob is locatedThis transfer case knob is locatedEach transfer case design offersN (Neutral): Shift the transfer caseTowing on page 10?99 or Trailer. Towing on page 9?89.Four-Wheel-Drive Low if you areSee Four-Wheel Drive onBlack plate (25,1). In BriefPress to switch the displayFM-RDS or XM station; or CD, MP3,INFO” displays. Radio(s). For more information about theseOperation on page 7?2. Radio with USB, CD, and DVD (MP3). Safe shelters (see chapter 6 for information on facilities and fencing), proper fencing, bedding, feed, feeders, water containers, and a consistent source of clean drinking water. If you plan to breed your livestock, you also need safe birthing quarters and a well-stocked birthing kit and, if you maintain breeding males, strong, secure quarters in which to house them. Halters, leads, hoof or toenail trimming equipment, coat care necessities, and any type of specialized tack (carts, harnesses, show halters, and so on) your breed and species requires. Well-stocked first-aid kits, one for the barn and one for your towing vehicle (if you have one). And most important: Phone numbers of at least three reliable veterinarians who treat your species. (Introduce yourself in advance so that they are familiar with who you are; what species you have; and, if they make farm visits, where you live.) Do you have the patience or the means to wait for the best animals. Some miniature breeds are in exceedingly short supply. With location and price factored into the equation, newcomers must often bide their time until the right individuals come along. Are you capable of selling your livestock. Can you send the steer to slaughter; could you sell the sow you love. Are you willing to pull out the stops to market your wares. You’ll need to continually monitor market trends to stay on the cutting edge, advertise, and maintain a Web site. Are you ready to haul your livestock to expos, demonstrations, shows, and sales. If not, think pets, not produce. Don’t become a breeder. That way lies heartache if you find you can’t (or won’t) sell what you produce. One animal or one hundred, you should genuinely enjoy working with the species you select. And you must also like the people associated with it. Buying, selling, co-op marketing, or showing, you’ll be dealing with them on an ongoing basis. Are you prepared to handle dwarfs. Some (but not all) miniature cattle, horse, and donkey breeds produce occasional dwarfs. Because of serious limb and internal abnormalities, dwarf calves and foals that survive birth seldom live happy, pain-free lives, so it behooves breeders not to knowingly produce them. The gene responsible for dwarfism in cattle has been identified, but miniature equine dwarf genetics are poorly understood. Miniature equine dwarfism is more prevalent than most new breeders imagine, so it’s wise to research this issue before you commit. Is the species you choose suited to your climate, your temperament, and your physical capabilities. You could raise Miniature Highland cattle in South Texas and Miniature Zebus in northern Minnesota — but why would you want to. For the animals’ sake, choose something adapted for the weather where you live. You will need to do your homework to determine what your options are. Interacting with some animal species requires more brawn than with others, and with some species you’d better be swift on your feet. Don’t take on a species or breed you physically can’t handle. It will be frustrating and dangerous if you do. Loud, abrupt individuals rarely resonate with flighty, reactive livestock. Do it my way or else humans and headstrong, aggressive animals are bound to clash. Assess your mind-set carefully, and choose a compatible species. It will save a world of upset for all concerned. Economic Considerations Do you have the wherewithal to purchase good-quality animals of the breed you want. Since miniature livestock tend to command top prices, getting started with certain breeds of certain species can be a pricey venture. Even so, start with the best animals you can find and afford. One calf or foal from outstanding parents will fetch a higher price than half a dozen mediocre animals, and it will cost far less to produce the single good one. Are there enough dollars in your pocket to support your animals when things go awry. Markets falter. Disease rips through your herd. Expect the unexpected. Keeping livestock can be a pricey proposition. Do you have the financial resources to see yours through those bumpy times. Will your animals be pets. Freezer fodder? A means of producing offspring to raise or to sell. If you keep livestock to claim a lower-cost agriculture land tax assessment, your venture must eventually turn a profit. How much profit is enough. And would you be content if you lost money or if your animals simply paid their way. Make certain your facilities are adequate before you bring any livestock home. If they aren’t safe and appropriate for the species of your choice, do you have enough land, financial resources, and know-how to make the necessary improvements. Can you obtain the building permits to do it. If you need chutes and squeezes or tall fences to repel predators, can you build them or hire someone else to build them. If not, you might need to choose a different species. Factor in injuries, losses, and breakouts; it’s the safe and economical thing to do. BEFORE YOU CHOOSE AN ENDANGERED BREED The feeling of helping a rare livestock breed survive is priceless. Some breeds, however, are so rare that every individual in their population counts, so be sure you know the best way to care for your breed. Be prepared to be a stellar steward. Find a mentor before you begin and thoroughly understand the breed’s needs and peculiarities before you buy. Hone your skills on a similar but more common breed before tackling endangered livestock. For example, before you try Kunekunes, get your feet wet keeping pet Potbellied pigs, or try raising Pygmies before you purchase San Clemente Island Goats. Don’t dabble in rare breed livestock; these animals need committed breeders. Don’t crossbreed females of rare breeds. Carefully and permanently identify each individual. Plan for your breed’s future; make certain your heirs know how precious they are. 2 Which Species? THIS CHAPTER WILL COMPARE SPECIES and present basic information so that you can choose which species best suits your needs and resources. See section 2 for more in-depth information about the species you select. Whether you keep farm animals for pleasure, food, or profit, there are miniature livestock options designed for every pocketbook, lifestyle, and taste. Which of them beckon to you. When choosing the species and breeds you might like to raise, factor in personal preference; time constraints; ease of handling; space, fencing, and facilities needed to maintain the species; start-up costs; and profit potential. The chart on pages 8 to 11 may help. Miniature Cattle Hobby farmers seeking a diminutive, moderately priced, American Livestock Breeds Conservancy heritage breed (see box on pages 16 and 17) choose Dexters. Dexter cows stand 36 to 42 inches (91 to 107 cm) tall and tip the scales at roughly 750 pounds (340 kg); bulls can be 2 inches (5 cm) taller than cows. The Dexter is a good dual-purpose breed: steers dress out at a respectable 55 to 60 percent live weight, and cows give one to three gallons of 4 percent butterfat milk per day. And Dexters are fairly readily available in North America. Where’s the beef? On miniature steers. Stockier and shorter-legged than everyday Herefords, they mature 20 percent faster and dress out at 65 percent live weight. At 40 to 70 percent less than the size of standard Angus, Lowlines require one-third the amount of feed to produce 70 percent as much rib-eye, and Lowlines dress out at up to 75 percent live weight. If it’s milk you want, miniature Jerseys are a good choice. Only 38 to 42 inches (97 to 107 cm) tall and weighing 600 to 650 pounds (272 to 295 kg), miniature Jersey cows give two to four gallons of butterfat-rich milk every day — enough for most families and then some. Or choose Miniature Zebus, Miniature Highlands, Miniature Longhorns, or any of the array of cattle breeds created by Richard Gradwohl of the International Miniature Cattle Breeds Registry. Prices vary widely based on breed, availability (expect to be put on a waiting list), quality, age, and sex. THINK BEFORE YOU BUY Good things come in small packages, but please don’t take miniatures for granted. Although small by commercial standards, these animals aren’t toys. Miniature cattle sometimes weigh more than half a ton, and miniature equines tip the scale at 200 pounds (90 kg) and more. Even 100-pound (45 kg) miniature sheep can bowl over unwary adults with ease. We’ll talk about handling livestock later in this book; in the meantime, take your strength and agility into consideration when choosing which species you’d like to raise. By the same token, small livestock don’t automatically make great pets. Folks are often surprised and dismayed when the miniature pig purchased from an unethical breeder grows to twice the size it’s supposed to be, and people who buy sheep for suburban backyard pets are disappointed when their charges behave like sheep instead of dogs. It’s perfectly possible to raise a house pig, sheep, or goat, but just because the critter’s small doesn’t mean raising it will be easy. FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN CHOOSING A SPECIES Miniature Horses Once the playthings of royalty and the ultra-rich, today’s miniature horses are priced within the means of people with moderate incomes. It’s best to buy breeding stock recorded with both groups; other factors being of equal quality, the tiniest minis, the flashiest individuals (pintos, Appaloosas, Pintoloosas), and the double-registered horses sell dearer than the rest. Size, type, training (minis make outstanding driving horses, singly or in tandem), show record, color, and bloodlines play a big part in determining mini horse prices, so if you plan to breed to show a profit, study the market before you invest.Read the breeder profiles scattered throughout this book to get a feel for raising multiple species. For your sake and the animals’ too, however, start small, learn everything you can about your first breed and species, and expand later on if you like. Miniature Donkeys In 1958, Bea Langfeld of Danby Farm in Nebraska incorporated the Miniature Donkey Registry (MDR) to record the pedigrees of Sicilian and Sardinian imports and their offspring. Ownership eventually passed to the American Donkey and Mule Society (ADMS), which still maintains the original MDR stud-books. More than 40,000 miniature donkeys measuring 36 inches (91 cm) and under at the withers have been duly recorded. Mini donkeys are arguably the world’s most charming pets. Most are hefty enough to pull an adult or several children in a cart or to pack up to 50 pounds (22 kg) of camping gear. They’re a hit at parades, and donkey and mule shows offer a wide array of classes for bantam brayers. Tinier donkeys tend to garner the most cash. Miniature Mules and Hinnies Miniature mules are created by breeding miniature donkey jacks to miniature horse mares; miniature hinnies (they are much rarer beasts) are the offspring of miniature stallions and miniature donkey jennets. The American Miniature Mule Society and the American Donkey and Mule Society both register miniature mules and hinnies; the American Council of Spotted Asses registers spotted mules and hinnies of all sizes. Miniature mules and hinnies can do anything miniature donkeys do, and they’re crowd pleasers wherever they go. Not a lot of folks are breeding these winsome creatures — yet. If you love equines and want something different, miniature mules might be just the thing. Miniature Llamas Some folks think miniature llamas and alpacas are one and the same, but they aren’t. Llamas ( Lama glama ) and alpacas ( Vicugna pacos ) both belong to the Lama genus of the Camelid family, but they are two separate species. The American Miniature Llama Association is allied with the International Llama Registry, the governing body that registers llamas of all sizes. Miniature llamas make fine pets; many yield wonderful fiber; and major llama shows host classes for vest-pocket llamas. The future of tiny camelids seems rosy. Fewer than 1,000 llamas in the United States meet American Miniature Llama Association standards and not all of those are registered, which means finding breeding stock can be difficult indeed. THIS FARMER’S TAKE The best piece of advice I can give you is this: Know what you need before you buy. By determining precisely what you require regarding breed, size, color, coat style, popular bloodlines, and other incidentals, you can avoid the loss of time and momentum, cost, and aggravation of upgrading later on. Miniature Goats Whether you choose tiny mini goats like plump, perky Pygmies or svelte, colorful Nigerian Dwarfs — or slightly larger miniatures like Kinders, Pygoras, and Miniature Dairy Goat Association breeds, you’re sure to fall in love with these fey and charming creatures. Consider the familiar, friendly Pygmy, a short-legged, meat-type goat descended from dwarf stock imported from West Africa in the 1950s. Just 16 to 23 inches (41 to 58 cm) tall, good-natured, gregarious Pygmies make huggable, fun-loving pets. A bonus: Lactating Pygmy does give about a quart of rich, 6 to 10 percent butterfat milk per day — enough for a small family’s table. Nigerian Dwarf does give up to twice as much milk as the Pygmies. Elegant, refined, and with good dairy conformation, Nigies can be up to 23 inches (58 cm) tall, and they come in a staggering array of colors and patterns; some even have pretty blue eyes. The American Dairy Goat Association, the American Goat Society, and the Nigerian Dwarf Goat Association register these minute caprine cuties. Pygora and Kinder goats were developed using Pygmy goat crosses — the former with Angora goats to create miniatures with marketable, soft fleeces and the latter with Nubians to create a scaled-down, dual-purpose meat and dairy goat breed. Nigora fiber goats are Nigerian Dwarf and Angora goat crosses. Miniature goats come in an array of shapes, sizes, and coat types, such as smooth-coated Mini-Nubians, hairy Pygmies, and Pygora fiber goats. Breeders developed the Miniature Dairy Goat Association breeds (Mini-Alpines, Mini-LaManchas, Mini-Nubians, Mini-Oberhaslis, Mini-Saanens, and Mini-Toggenbergs) by crossing standard-size purebreds with Nigerian Dwarf goats. All produce about two-thirds as much milk as a standard dairy goat while consuming one-third as much feed. RAISING HERITAGE BREEDS The American Livestock Breeds Conservancy (ALBC) is a nonprofit membership organization devoted to the promotion and protection of more than 150 breeds of livestock and poultry. Now in its third decade of service, it’s the primary organization in the United States working to conserve rare breeds and genetic diversity in heritage livestock. The ALBC breeds that are included in its Conservation Priority List fall into the following categories: Critical. Breeds that have fewer than 200 annual registrations in the United States and whose global population is estimated at less than 2,000. Threatened. Breeds that have fewer than 1,000 annual registrations in the United States and whose global population is estimated at less than 5,000. Watch. Breeds with fewer than 2,500 annual registrations in the United States and a global population estimated at less than 10,000. Breeds that present genetic or numeric concerns or that have limited geographic distribution are also included. Recovering. Breeds that were once listed in another category and have exceeded Watch category numbers but are still in need of monitoring. Study.