7

2003 honda fit online reference owners manual

LINK 1 ENTER SITE >>> Download PDF
LINK 2 ENTER SITE >>> Download PDF

File Name:2003 honda fit online reference owners manual.pdf
Size: 4988 KB
Type: PDF, ePub, eBook

Category: Book
Uploaded: 26 May 2019, 15:20 PM
Rating: 4.6/5 from 575 votes.

Status: AVAILABLE

Last checked: 3 Minutes ago!

In order to read or download 2003 honda fit online reference owners manual ebook, you need to create a FREE account.

Download Now!

eBook includes PDF, ePub and Kindle version

✔ Register a free 1 month Trial Account.

✔ Download as many books as you like (Personal use)

✔ Cancel the membership at any time if not satisfied.

✔ Join Over 80000 Happy Readers

2003 honda fit online reference owners manualHaving TROUBLE with operation? Please reset your unitFor canceling the display demonstration, see page 8.Please read all instructions carefully before operation, to ensure your complete understanding and to obtain the bestDo not view directly with opticalIf you need to operate the unit while driving, be sureHow to reset your unitThis is inevitable and is not considered defective.Touch the buttons on the touch panel with yourHow to forcibly eject a discFor safety.Temperature inside the car. If you have parked the car for a long time in hot or coldHow to read this manual:You can select theHow to reset your unit. 3. How to forcibly eject a disc. 3. Sound adjustment.35. Using the sound equalization. 35. Adjusting the cross over frequency. 36Setting for video playback.39. Component names and functions.6. Initial Settings.7. Canceling the display demonstration andCommon operations.10. Picture adjustment. 39. Changing the aspect ratio. 40. Zooming picture. 40. Using a rear view camera.41. Setting menu items.42. Turning on the power. 10. Adjusting the volume. 10. Turning off the screen. 10. Turning on the AV source. 11. Touch screen operation. 11. Adjusting the touch position. 47Switching screens.12Using the Bluetooth mobile phone. 49. Selecting the playback source.13. Listening to the radio.14. Disc operations.19Playing a disc. 19. Playable disc type. 20. Playback operations. 21. Settings for disc playback. 25. Operations using the remote controllerMore about this unit.54. Troubleshooting.57. Specifications.60. USB operations.26. Playing a USB device. 26. Preparation. 28. Setting iPod control mode. 29Using other external components.32Using the external navigation unit. 33Attaching. Turn off the ignition switch before detaching theScreen (touch panel). Monitor panelEjects the disc.Resets the unit. (?http://www.goteneplast.se/files/images/ds-4008hci-manual.xml

Tags:
• 2003 honda fit online reference owners manual, 2003 honda fit online reference owners manual pdf, 2003 honda fit online reference owners manual free, 2003 honda fit online reference owners manual download, 2003 honda fit online reference owners manual online.

page 3)Caution on volume setting:Lower the volumeYou can change the color of the buttons on theWhen you power on the unit for the first time or resetThe power is turned on, and the initial settingText. Language. Select the text language usedAudio Input. Select the use of the LINE INVideo Input. Select the use of the VIDEO INCamera Input Select whenDisplay. Design. Select the background andCanceling the displaySetting the clockSynchronizes the clock timeTurning on the power. Turning off the screen. Turn on the ignition switch.Adjusting the volume. The screen is turned off. To adjust the volumeIncreaseDecrease. Increase. To return to the screen. Touch the screen. To attenuate the sound. The ATT indicator lights up. To cancel the attenuation, press the volumeTouch screen operationYou can activate the AV function by selecting source onB Displays the operation buttonsGoes to the previous. To turn off the AV source. Goes to the next. A Video control menuB Source control screen for video playbackDragging your finger to left or right functions in theSource control screen. Common operating buttonsChanges the pageSelect an item to display on the screen. Displays the source control screen.Turns off the screen. (? page 10)TUNER (? page 14). Switches to the radio broadcast. DISC (? page 19). Plays a disc. USB (? page 26). Plays files on a USB device.Operates a Bluetooth device. Front AUX (? page 32). Switches to an external component connected to AUX input terminal onAV Off. Turns off the AV source.Sound mode (? page 35). AF indicator. The station frequency currently tuned. System when PS signal is coming in. Band. Preset no. PTY code for FM Radio Data System. Preset listEnters FM Radio Data SystemSelects the band. Searches for a station. Displays tuner setting screen. Displaying the information of the current station. Hides the text information. Text information. Scrolls the text informationWhen the FM reception is interfered.On. Off.http://sasdevelopments.com/userfiles/ds-3300-manual.xml Activate monaural mode to improve FMThe MO indicator lights up. Increases the tuner selectivity to reduceWide Subject to the interference fromRestore the stereo effect. To tune in FM stations only with strongSelecting a preset station. You can preset six stations for each band. Automatic presetting—SSM (Strongstation Sequential Memory) (For FM only)The following features are available only for FM. Radio Data System stations.Searching for FM Radio Data SystemYou can search for your favorite programs beingLocal stations with the strongest signals are searchedThe station selected in step 1 is stored.Changes the page. PTY Search starts. If there is a station broadcasting a program of theTA Standby Reception. Lights up. The unit will temporarily switchFlashes. Not yet activated. Tune in to anotherSystem signals. Goes off. Deactivated. NEWS indicator News Standby ReceptionThe next time the unitLights up. The unit will temporarily switch to. News Program if available. Flashes. Not yet activated. Tune in toRadio Data System signals. Deactivated.The next time the unitAutomatic station selection—. Program Search. When driving in an area where FM reception is notUsually when you select preset stations, the presetIf the signals from the preset FM Radio Data SystemProgram A broadcasting on different frequency. To activate Program SearchReception is activated. To change the Network-Tracking. Reception settingTo deactivate, select.The programAF Reg. Switches to another station broadcastingOff. Cancels.Inserting a discTo eject a disc. Label sideThe source changes to “DISC” and playback starts. When removing a disc, pull it horizontally. To prohibit disc ejectionTo cancel the prohibition, repeat the same procedureDisc typeRecording format, file type, etc. PlayableDVD-VideoDVD side. Non-DVD side. VCD (Video CD). Romeo, JolietCaution for DualDisc playback. The Non-DVD side of a “DualDisc” does not comply with the “Compact Disc Digital Audio” standard. Therefore, the useSound mode (? page 35)Media type. Playback mode (? page 24). Playback status. Playing time. Chapter no.Stops playback.Displays screen.Search speed varies depending on the type of disc or file. Displayed icon varies depending on the type of disc or file. Does not appear for VCD.Audio format. Media type. Track no. While playing, “Jacket picture” isSelects playback mode. (? page 24)Changes the settings for discDisplays screen. Changes the pageReturns to the root folder. Returns to the upper layerSwitches to the direct menuDisplays picture adjustment screen.Selects aspect ratio. (? page 40). Displays the picture size selectingUsing menu selecting screen. Selects an item. Confirms the selection. Returns to the previous menu. Exits from the menu selecting screen.Exits from the scene selecting screen. Selects the audio type.Selects the subtitle type. Selects view angle.Selects Random. Direct selecting buttons (? below). Selects RepeatSelects the audio channel (ST:Displays the previous screen or theDisplays the disc menu. Displays picture adjustment screen.Selects aspect ratio. (? page 40). Displays the picture size selectingIndicator. Playback mode. CHAPTER Repeats current chapter.Repeats current program (notTo cancel, press the button repeatedly until theDisc Setup items. Initial: Underlined. Menu Language Select the initial disc menu language; Initial English (? page 55). Audio Language Select the initial audio language; Initial English (? page 55). Subtitle. Select the initial subtitle language or erase the subtitle (Off); Initial EnglishDown Mix. When playing back a multi-channel disc, this setting affects the signals reproducedFor discs except. Monitor Type. Select the monitor type to watch a wide screen picture on the external monitor. D. (Dynamic). You can change the dynamic range while playing Dolby Digital software.File Type. Select the playback file type when a disc contains different types of files.Playing a USB device. WAV files stored in USB mass storage class device.Cautions:In this case,Connecting a USB device. You can connect a USB mass storage class device such asUSB cable from theThe source changes to “USB” and playback starts.Playing time. Audio format. Video format:Playback status. Track no.While playing, “Jacket picture” is shown if the fileSONGS: Repeats current track. FOLDER: Repeats all tracks ofFOLDER: Randomly plays allUSB: Randomly plays all tracks. Selects folder. Changes the settings for file playback.To cancel random or repeat mode, press the button repeatedly until the indicator disappears. You cannot activate the repeat mode and the random mode at the same time. Displayed icon varies depending on the file type. Search speed varies depending on the file type. Setting. Select the monitor type to watch a wide screen pictureStill Picture. VideoPlays back audio files. Plays back JPEG files. Plays back audio files andOn:To listen to the music. Set to. To watch the video and listen to the music. Set and toVideo is not displayed on the screen if connectedWhen the source is “iPod”. When the source is “iPod”.Controls playback from this unit.Audiobooks. Select the speed of audio books. ArtworkNotice:If the performance is not improved or slow, resetPlaying timeSound mode (? page 35). Playback mode (? below). Playback status ( 3:SONGS: Functions the sameSONGS: Functions the same asALBUMS: Functions the sameChanges the settings for iPodSwitches between Music (Albums ( ) or Songs( ).Music menu. Switches between Music (Returns to the top layer. Returns to thePlays all items in the layerSound mode ( ? page 35). Source type (“AV-IN” orChanges the AV-IN name. Displays screen. Front AUXActivating the navigation functionOn the source control screen:Settings for navigation unit. On the source control screen:On:Navigation. Input. Output. Volume. Navigation. Mute. Picture. AdjustSelect front speakers used for theAdjust the volume of the navigationSelect to attenuate theAdjust the brightness and black.If the source is a disc, the adjustment isSelecting a preset sound modeStoring your own adjustment. On. Customizing preset sound modeOn the source control screen. The adjustments are stored and isChanges the pageAdjusting the cross overAdjusts the cross over for front or rear speakersReset. FreqSW Level. High to 0. Selects frequency. Adjusts the width of the. Adjusts subwoofer level. The adjustments are overwritten if is setAdjusts the cross over for subwoofer (low pass filter).Adjusts the cross over frequency. Adjusts the subwoofer level.You can change the background, the color of text, touch panel buttons, and monitor panel buttons.Dimmer setting: You can make selections for eachUser color adjuster: You can make your ownFor setting the color, ? above.BackgroundBasic image (default). When variable color illumination is selected, youYou can select a color on the colorFor setting your favorite scene as the background,While playing a video or JPEG, you can capture an imageAdvances scenes frame-by-frame. Magnifies the scene.You can change the setting for video playback. Picture adjustment. You can adjust the picture quality. Adjusts theAdjusts the contrast. Adjusts the black. Adjusts the color. Adjusts the detailZooming picture. You can change the aspect ratio for video playback. You can zoom the picture ( to ).For 16:9 originalPanorama. For viewing 4:3For 4:3 originalAuto:To display the picture from the rear viewActivating the rear view cameraOn:When displaying the picture from the rear viewDisplaying the picture from the rearTo cancel the rear view screen. The rear view screen is displayed when you shift theAudio. Menu item. Fader: Adjust the front and rear speaker output balance. Balance: Adjust the left and right speaker output balance. Equalizer. Change the sound mode or adjust and store the equalization for each source.LoudnessCrossover. Adjust the cross over frequency. (? page 36). Volume Adjust. Adjust and store the auto-adjustment volume level for each source. (ForYou can change the maximum volume level of this unit.Select the size of the connected speaker. Dimmer. Display. Time Set. Initial: UnderlinedDisplay Design. Change the display design (background, the color of text, touch panelOSD ClockDemonstrationScrollGUI Adjust. Adjust the brightness and black color of the screen. Select the color system of the external monitor.Menu itemCamera Input. Initial: UnderlinedChange the navigation settings. (? page 34)Initial: Underlined. Text Language. Select the text language used for on-screen information.GUI Language. You can change the language displayed for operation buttons and menuTime Set. Adjust the clock time. (? page 8). BeepChange the volume of the key-touch tone.User Profile. You can memorize, recall, or clear the settings you have made. (? page 46). Initialize. Initialize all settings you have made. Serial Number. Displays the serial number. Touch Panel Adjust. Adjust the touch position of the buttons on the screen. (? page 47). DivX(R) VOD. This unit has its own Registration Code. Once you have played back a fileDesign, Audio Input, Video Input, Camera Input, Navigation. Memorizing your settings. Recalling your settingsOn:A confirmation message appears.On:A confirmation message appears.For Bluetooth operations, it is required to connect the Bluetooth adapter, KS-BTA100 (separately purchased) to the. Please contact your dealer where you purchased this unit. Caution. When JVC KS-U30 and JVC KS-BTA100 are connected at the same time, videos of iPod with video (5th. Generation) cannot be played. PreparationUsing the Bluetooth audio playerMicrophoneAdjusting the microphone volume. When a call comes in. Making a call to the last connected number from your phone. While talking. Voice dialing is available only when the connected mobile phoneAbout microphone volume:If the effectiveness of the remote controllerInstalling the batteries. Before using the remote controller:Insert the batteries into the remote controller by. The unit is equipped with the steering wheelCaution. Replace only with the same or equivalent type.Operations using the remote controller (RM-RK252). Button. Operations. ButtonOperationsButtonEnters preset station number whileProgram screen.Selects the bands. Stops playback. Ends the call.OperationsDoes not function for this unit. Does not function for this unit.Various disc operations. Tuner frequencyUsing the disc menuFor DVD-VR, press. TOP M: To display Original Program. MENU: To display PlaylistDuring PBC playback.To cancel PBC playbackTo keep discs clean. Do not use anyRecommended cleaning method. Gently wipe the panel with a soft, dry cloth. A dirty disc may not play correctly. If a disc does become dirty, wipe it with aTo play new discs. How to clean the connector. New discs may have some rough spotsTo remove these rough spots, rub the edges with aConnectors. Frequent detachmentTo minimize thisDo not use the following discs. Moisture condensation. Moisture may condense on the lens inside the unit inShould this occur, the unit may malfunction. In thisWarped disc. Sticker and stickerStick-on label. Unusual shape. C-thru Disc (semitransparent disc). How to handle discs. When removing a disc from. Center holderWhen storing a disc in its case, gently insert theTransparent or semitransparent parts on itsFile playbackPlaying DivX files (for discs only)Digital.Layer-2 or Dolby Digital.Playing JPEG filesIt may take time to display the file depending on itsProgressive JPEG files or lossless JPEG files cannot beWe bear no responsibility for any loss of dataWhen playing multi-channel encoded disc, multi-channel signals are downmixed. CodeAfar. Abkhazian. Afrikaans. Ameharic. Arabic. Assamese. Aymara. Azerbaijani. Bashkir. Byelorussian. Bulgarian. Bihari. Bislama. Bengali, Bangla. Tibetan. Breton. Catalan. Corsican. Czech. Welsh. Bhutani. Greek. Esperanto. Estonian. The Germans had already decided to travel overland through Hungary, as the sea route was politically impractical because Roger II, king of Sicily, was an enemy of Conrad. Many of the French nobles distrusted the land route, which would take them through the Byzantine Empire, the reputation of which still suffered from the accounts of the First Crusaders. Nevertheless, it was decided to follow Conrad, and to set out on June 15. Ottokar III of Styria joined Conrad at Vienna, and Conrad’s enemy Geza II of Hungary allowed them to pass through unharmed. When the German army of 20,000 men arrived in Byzantine territory, Emperor Manuel I Komnenos feared they were going to attack him, and Byzantine troops were posted to ensure that there was no trouble. On September 10, the Germans arrived at Constantinople, where relations with Manuel were poor. There was a battle, after which the Germans were convinced that they should cross into Asia Minor as quickly as possible. Conrad split his army into two divisions. The authority of the Byzantine Empire in the western provinces of Asia Minor was more nominal than real, with much of the provinces being a no-man’s land controlled by Turkish nomads. Conrad underestimated the length of the march against Anatolia, and anyhow assumed that the authority of Emperor Manuel was greater in Anatolia than was in fact the case. Conrad took the knights and the best troops with him to march overland and sent the camp followers with Otto of Freising to follow the coastal road. The king’s contingent was almost totally destroyed by the Seljuqs on October 25, 1147, at the second Battle of Dorylaeum. A force from Provence, led by Alphonse of Toulouse, chose to wait until August and cross by sea. At Worms, Louis joined with crusaders from Normandy and England. Relations within Byzantine territory were grim, and the Lorrainers, who had marched ahead of the rest of the French, also came into conflict with the slower Germans whom they met on the way. They followed Otto of Freising’s route, moving closer to the Mediterranean coast, and they arrived at Ephesus in December, where they learned that the Turks were preparing to attack them. Manuel had sent ambassadors complaining about the pillaging and plundering that Louis had done along the way, and there was no guarantee that the Byzantines would assist them against the Turks. Meanwhile, Conrad fell sick and returned to Constantinople, where Manuel attended to him personally, and Louis, paying no attention to the warnings of a Turkish attack, marched out from Ephesus with the French and German survivors. The Turks were indeed waiting to attack, but in a small battle outside Ephesus, the French and Germans were victorious. After resuming the march, the vanguard under Amadeus of Savoy was separated from the rest of the army at Mount Cadmus, and Louis’s troops suffered heavy losses from the Turks. After being delayed for a month by storms, most of the promised ships from Provence did not arrive at all. Louis and his associates claimed the ships that did make it for themselves, while the rest of the army had to resume the long march to Antioch. The army was almost entirely destroyed, either by the Turks or by sickness. The Crusaders decided to attack Damascus from the west, where orchards would provide them with a constant food supply. They arrived at Daraiya on July 23. The following day, the well-prepared Muslims constantly attacked the army advancing through the orchards outside Damascus. The defenders had sought help from Saif ad-Din Ghazi I of Mosul and Nur ad-Din of Aleppo, who personally led an attack on the Crusader camp. The Crusaders were pushed back from the walls into the orchards, where they were prone to ambushes and guerrilla attacks. Some records indicate that Unur had bribed the leaders to move to a less defensible position, and that Unur had promised to break off his alliance with Nur ad-Din if the Crusaders went home. Meanwhile, Nur ad-Din and Saif ad-Din had by now arrived. With Nur ad-Din in the field it was impossible for the Crusaders to return to their better position. The local Crusader lords refused to carry on with the siege, and the three kings had no choice but to abandon the city. First Conrad, then the rest of the army, decided to retreat to Jerusalem on July 28, and they were followed the whole way by Turkish archers, who constantly harassed them. In Germany, the Crusade was seen as a huge debacle, with many monks writing that it could only have been the work of the Devil. Despite the distaste for the memory of the Second Crusade, the experience had notable impact on German literature, with many epic poems of the late 12th century featuring battle scenes clearly inspired by the fighting in the crusade. The cultural impact of the Second Crusade was even greater in France. Unlike Conrad, the Louis’s image was improved by the crusade, with many of the French seeing him as a suffering pilgrim king who quietly bore God’s punishments. Louis and other French leaders openly accused Emperor Manuel I of colluding with Turkish attackers during the march across Asia Minor. The memory of the Second Crusade was to color French views of the Byzantines for the rest of the 12th and 13th centuries. The campaign was largely successful, capturing the important cities of Acre and Jaffa, and reversing most of Saladin’s conquests, but it failed to capture Jerusalem, the emotional and spiritual motivation of the crusade. The Egyptian and Syrian forces were ultimately unified under Saladin, who employed them to reduce the Christian states and recapture Jerusalem in 1187. Spurred by religious zeal, King Henry II of England and King Philip II of France (known as Philip Augustus) ended their conflict with each other to lead a new crusade. The death of Henry in 1189, however, meant the English contingent came under the command of his successor, King Richard I of England (known as Richard the Lionheart). The elderly Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa also responded to the call to arms, leading a massive army across Anatolia, but he drowned in a river in Asia Minor on June 10, 1190, before reaching the Holy Land. His death caused tremendous grief among the German Crusaders, and most of his troops returned home. On September 2, 1192, Richard and Saladin finalized a treaty granting Muslim control over Jerusalem but allowing unarmed Christian pilgrims and merchants to visit the city. Richard departed the Holy Land on October 2. The successes of the Third Crusade allowed the Crusaders to maintain considerable states in Cyprus and on the Syrian coast. However, the failure to recapture Jerusalem would lead to the Fourth Crusade. At the time of the First Crusade, the Middle East was severely divided by warring rulers. Without a unified front opposing them, the Christian troops were able to conquer Jerusalem, as well as the other Crusader states. But under the powerful force of the Seljuq Turks during the Second Crusade and the even more unified power of Saladin during the Third, the Europeans were unable to achieve their ultimate aim of holding Jerusalem. Nur ad-Din also took over Egypt through an alliance, and appointed Saladin the sultan of these territories. After Nur ad-Din’s death, Saladin also took over Acre and Jerusalem, thereby wresting control of Palestine from the Crusaders, who had conquered the area 88 years earlier. Pope Urban III is said to have collapsed and died upon hearing this news, but it is not actually feasible that tidings of the fall of Jerusalem could have reached him by the time he died, although he did know of the battle of Hattin and the fall of Acre. Richard, Philip, and Leopold quarreled over the spoils of the victory. Richard cast down the German flag from the city, slighting Leopold. The rest of the German army returned home. As in the Second Crusade, these disagreements and divisions within the European armies led to a weakening of the Christian forces. Control of Jaffa was necessary before an attack on Jerusalem could be attempted. On September 7, 1191, however, Saladin attacked Richard’s army at Arsuf, thirty miles north of Jaffa. Richard then ordered a general counterattack, which won the battle. Arsuf was an important victory. The Muslim army was not destroyed, despite the considerable casualties it suffered, but it was scattered; this was considered shameful by the Muslims and boosted the morale of the Crusaders. Richard was able to take, defend, and hold Jaffa, a strategically crucial move toward securing Jerusalem. By depriving Saladin of the coast, Richard seriously threatened his hold on Jerusalem. In November 1191 the Crusader army advanced inland toward Jerusalem. On December 12 Saladin was forced by pressure from his emirs to disband the greater part of his army. Learning this, Richard pushed his army forward, spending Christmas at Latrun. The army then marched to Beit Nuba, only twelve miles from Jerusalem. Muslim morale in Jerusalem was so low that the arrival of the Crusaders would probably have caused the city to fall quickly. Appallingly bad weather—cold with heavy rain and hailstorms—combined with fear that if the Crusader army besieged Jerusalem it might be trapped by a relieving force, led to the decision to retreat back to the coast. In July 1192, Saladin’s army suddenly attacked and captured Jaffa with thousands of men. Richard and a small force of little more than 2,000 men went to Jaffa by sea in a surprise attack. They stormed Jaffa from their ships and the Ayyubids, who had been unprepared for a naval attack, were driven from the city. The city of Ascalon was a contentious issue, as it threatened communication between Saladin’s dominions in Egypt and Syria; it was eventually agreed that Ascalon, with its defenses demolished, be returned to Saladin’s control. Richard departed the Holy Land on October 9, 1192. Though Richard’s victories had deprived the Muslims of important coastal territories and re-established a viable Frankish state in Palestine, many Christians in the Latin West felt disappointed that Richard had elected not to pursue the recapture of Jerusalem. Likewise, many in the Islamic world felt disturbed that Saladin had failed to drive the Christians out of Syria and Palestine. However, trade flourished throughout the Middle East and in port cities along the Mediterranean coastline. Many historians contend that the motivations for the Third Crusade were more political than religious, thereby giving rise to the disagreements between the German, French, and English armies throughout the crusade. By the end, only Richard of England was left, and his small force was unable to finally overtake Saladin, despite successes at Acre and Jaffa. This infighting severely weakened the power of the European forces. The presence of European kings in battle set the armies up for instability, for the monarchs had to ensure their own territories were not threatened during their absence. During the Third Crusade, both the German and French armies were forced to return home to settle succession disputes and stabilize their kingdoms. These defensive expeditions could be seen as lacking the religious fervor and initiative of the First Crusade, which was entirely on the terms of the Christian armies. In the past two crusades, the result had been to conquer and massacre or retreat, with no compromise or middle ground achieved. Despite the agreement in the Third Crusade, the failure to overtake Jerusalem led to still another crusade soon after. Crusades were fought for many reasons: to capture Jerusalem, recapture Christian territory, or defend Christians in non-Christian lands; as a means of conflict resolution among Roman Catholics; for political or territorial advantage; and to combat paganism and heresy. Urban urged military support for the Byzantine Empire and its Emperor, Alexios I, who needed reinforcements for his conflict with westward-migrating Turks in Anatolia. One of Urban’s main aims was to guarantee pilgrims access to the holy sites in the Holy Land that were under Muslim control. Urban’s wider strategy may have been to unite the eastern and western branches of Christendom, which had been divided since their split in 1054, and establish himself as head of the unified church. Regardless of the motivation, the response to Urban’s preaching by people of many different classes across Western Europe established the precedent for later crusades. On a popular level, the First Crusade unleashed a wave of impassioned, pious Catholic fury, which was expressed in the massacres of Jews that accompanied the Crusades and the violent treatment of the “schismatic” Orthodox Christians of the east. The Knights Templar were recognized, and grants of crusading indulgences to those who opposed papal enemies are seen by some historians as the beginning of politically motivated crusades. The loss of Edessa in 1144 to Imad ad-Din Zengi led to preaching for what subsequently became known as the Second Crusade. King Louis VII and Conrad III led armies from France and Germany to Jerusalem and Damascus without winning any major victories. Bernard of Clairvaux, who had encouraged the Second Crusade in his preachings, was upset with the violence and slaughter directed toward the Jewish population of the Rhineland. According to Benedict of Peterborough, Pope Urban III died of deep sadness on October 19, 1187, upon hearing news of the defeat.