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volkswagen passat 2007 repair manualYou will also learn about the interface controls for videos and images of LiveCode's environment. You'll go on digging into configuring devices and making rich media applications, and then finish by uploading your mobile applications to app stores. You will learn how to build apps for iPhone and Android devices with LiveCode Mobile through sample applications of increasing complexity. When you create an application, you spend more time thinking about how to implement the different features and less about the complexities of the tool you are using. However, if you've never used LiveCode before, it's still going to be unfamiliar at first. This chapter is to bring you up to speed and make you ready for the later chapters that will require you to be more familiar with the terminology and features of this tool. Throughout the book, we will look at these things, that you can use for mobile applications in particular, but first, we should go over some of the basics.Higher-level tools often present the same things, but structured in such a way that it is possible to come up with real-world metaphors for the different aspects of the tool. LiveCode is very much like that, and its metaphor is a stack of cards. This metaphor originated with Apple Computer's HyperCard authoring tool, which was created by Bill Atkinson in the mid-1980s. The first version of HyperCard was released in August 1987 and it became a huge hit in both education and multimedia sectors. Companies such as The Voyager Company, published its entire product line which was created using HyperCard. Other companies produced tools that were very much like HyperCard, but they also tried to give the user more features than were in HyperCard. The most prominent of these tools were SuperCard, Plus, and MetaCard. Plus went on to have an interesting life; the product itself became Windows-only (it was cross-platform at first), but later, the same code ended up in the Oracle Media Objects cross-platform tool.http://www.vannordenvastgoed.nl/userfiles/digital-uk-manual-retune.xml

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All of these tools perpetuated the metaphor of a stack of cards. MetaCard was most notable for the fact that it was multiplatform and not just cross platform. Stacks is the general term used for documents created by these tools, made with MetaCard that ran on Unix and Linux systems, as well as Mac and Windows. Alas, it was somewhat ugly. The Scottish company RunRev made a product that attempted to present MetaCard in a more appealing way. Eventually, RunRev acquired MetaCard, and since 2003, RunRev has continued to build upon MetaCard using the product name Runtime Revolution, which was later renamed as LiveCode. Note In March 2015, RunRev also changed the company name to LiveCode Ltd. This book has many references to, and it should still be maintained as such. However, If you have a problem with a URL, substitute it with or do a search on the LiveCode website. This led to an active development cycle with close to 20 stable releases culminating in version 7.0 of LiveCode in October 2014. This edition of this book is based on the version 7.0 of LiveCode. The highlights of version 7 include Unicode support, display resolution independence, stretchable graphics, hybrid apps using a new browser, Mac Cocoa support, Raspberry Pi support, 64-bit Linux support, and much more. You can read more about version 7 of LiveCode in the October 23, 2014 newsletter issue at. All LiveCode newsletters are available under the LiveCode Help menu. This capability and the version 8 of LiveCode with open language support are described further in Appendix, Extending LiveCode. Under the HyperCard variation of the stack of cards metaphor, documents consist of the cards that hold buttons, fields, and bitmap graphics; backgrounds that hold a set of cards; and stacks that hold a set of backgrounds.http://spb.ledcraft.ru/source/digital-ts30h-manual.xml LiveCode takes a slightly different approach and rather than having backgrounds that hold cards, it allows you to group any set of interface controls and set those to act as if they are background entities. These end up being more flexible, though slightly alien to people who have used HyperCard a lot. Both HyperCard and LiveCode provide ways to extend the hierarchy further. You are able to link other stacks.If you haven't yet installed LiveCode, go to and download the Community Edition for your development platform. This version is open source and free to use. You will need to provide your name and e-mail which establishes a user account for LiveCode. At the time of writing this book, you also get a free App Design Kit that includes an introductory video and a mobile app2market.livecode template. If you plan to buy Commercial LiveCode, read through to understand the many variations of licenses that are there. Additional levels of use and support are available at extra cost. The two editions of LiveCode have a distinctive color scheme too, with the Commercial Edition using blue elements and the Community Edition using green elements. Once you have downloaded the Community Edition or bought one of the commercial licenses, go ahead and launch it! There is no harm in keeping that window open, but if you do close it, you can reopen it from the Help menu. You can also use Backdrop by selecting it from the View menu to hide other application windows on your screen. If you look at LiveCode for the first time, you will notice a toolbar at the top of the screen, just below the menu bar. Take note of the rightmost items, such as Sample Stacks, Tutorials, Resources, and Dictionary. These areas are filled with information that will help you to get started with LiveCode. Dictionary is something that you will use a lot, and just browsing through the entries will either answer your immediate question, or give you advanced information about issues you'll run into later. The Help menu also provides access to User Guide and useful links to other information. Check the User Guide section to read in depth about the features mentioned here. Online lessons In addition to the resources you see inside LiveCode itself, there is a tremendous amount of information and a number of tutorials on the RunRev website. A good starting point would be. This screenshot shows the windows and palettes that we're going to use for now as well as the document window, which is a simple calculator that we will build soon: Main windows In addition to the document window itself, these are the main windows that we need to be familiar with for now: Tools palette Inspector palette Message box The upper area of the Tools Palette shows all the interface controls that you need to create an interactive application. Below these are a set of tools to edit vector graphics and a set of tools to edit bitmap graphics. The Inspector Palette shows all the options for the control that you currently have selected. In the preceding screenshot, nothing is selected in the calculator app, so the Inspector Palette shows information about the stack itself. Message Box is a window that lets you try out either single or multiple lines of code. You are able to invoke functions in your stacks too, making it a very handy way to test individual functions while you are tracking down issues. We'll use the Message Box in later chapters. As suggested, read the User Guide to get a deeper understanding of these windows, but let's try putting together something simple for now to get you more familiar with how to use the Tool palette. If the palettes are not already open, the Inspector palette can be opened by clicking on the icon at the left end of the toolbar or by selecting one of the inspector menu items in the Object menu. The Tools palette can be opened by selecting the Tools Palette from the Tools menu and by using the following steps From the File menu, select New Mainstack.https://datavoiz.com/images/comfortstat-touch-screen-thermostat-manual.pdf In the Tools palette, click on the Edit tool (the top-right icon). However, you are not able to select the control to adjust its position or size, and so, in the following instructions, we are intentionally selecting the Edit tool before adding controls to the card window: Drag icons from the upper section of the Tools palette to the stack window. Try the layering options at the bottom of the Object menu. Select more than one item and experiment with the Align Objects options in the Inspector palette. The align options are shown automatically when you select multiple objects, but you can also select Align Objects from the drop-down menu in the Inspector palette. You won't see this option if only one object is selected. Here, we are able to see the options because three buttons are selected: Select a single button and in the Inspector palette, enter a name and a label. If you don't see the Name and Label fields, make sure you have selected Basic Properties from the Inspector pallete's drop-down menu. Add several more controls to the card window and practice aligning and naming the controls. You can also resize them by dragging the handles that you see on the corners and sides while the control is selected. Here is how the window would look if you add some buttons, a field, tab panel, slider, and video player control: Now, select the Close and Remove From Memory option from the File menu and create a new Main Stack to make the Simple Calculator interface. First though, we should go over some of the structure and hierarchy of a LiveCode stack and create some basic navigation. Creating a hierarchy Everything goes somewhere, but having things in the wrong place can lead to problems. We should learn more about the structure of a LiveCode stack to avoid this. The stack structure As described in the Background history and metaphors section, LiveCode uses a stack of cards metaphor. When you make a new stack, you in effect have a single stack of cards. However, even the simplest application is likely to have more than one card. For example, there could be a splash screen, title card, cards for the actual task at hand, and a credits page. In the calculator stack, we will use two cards. The Tools menu includes an option to view the structure of the stack by showing Project Browser or Application Browser. The Project Browser was introduced in the version 6.0 of LiveCode with additional capabilities The Project Browser panel is a powerful tool that lets you see all the stacks, cards, and controls that are open at the moment, in one window. In addition to getting an overview of everything, you can use it as a remote control to jump between all the parts of your stack and to select and modify buttons, fields, and so on. Taking the calculator stack that we are about to make as an example, in the following screenshot, we see a side-by-side view of the stack window and the Project Browser panel, where in the Project Browser panel, we have selected one of the buttons in the stack: The upper area of Project Browser includes a field where you can type and search text to reduce the list of items in the browser to match the ones you have typed. In the upper-left part of the panel, is a gear icon that is used to take you to the preferences of the browser: Most of the rest of the browser window lets you expand stacks and cards, and choose individual controls on those cards. Clicking on a control in Project Browser highlights it in the stack window and vice versa. Controls can also be reordered to change layers by dragging them up and down. Controls can also be hidden or locked by clicking on the eye and lock icons. The lower area buttons let you do various alignments of the selected controls to add or duplicate the selected control. Hovering over a button shows a popup of what it does. A longer overview of how Project Browser works is available at: In programming languages, such as the one in LiveCode, code is referred to as scripts and methods or functions are known as handlers (though in LiveCode, a handler that returns a value is also called a function). Projects made with hard-to-use programming tools often comprise dozens of external text files, one for each model, view, or controller. In LiveCode, this is simpler, as the scripts are attached to the object that needs that code. To deal with user interaction in other tools, you will have to write code that receives the event (perhaps just a mouse click on a button) to perform the relevant action. In LiveCode, there is a message path that takes care of these events, and passes the event up the hierarchy. If you click on a LiveCode interface control that doesn't have a mouse event handler, the click goes up the hierarchy to the card level. If the card doesn't have a handler for that event, it continues up to the stack level. You can have additional levels of hierarchy by putting other stacks in use, but for our purpose, we just need these three: the button, card, and stack. This message hierarchy allows us to place the code needed via several interface controls at a higher level available to all of these controls. One case with the calculator number buttons is that each one needs to do exactly the same thing, and by putting that code in the card level, all of them can make use of that one handler. There isn't a performance advantage if you have the shared handler in the card level or much of a file size improvement, but as you develop the code for the simple calculator example, you can make changes in the single-card script instead of the 11 calculator button scripts. We will now start building the calculator and add scripts to the 14 buttons, a field, and the card. In the Inspector palette, enter the Simple Calculator stack name in the Name field. Select New Card from the Object menu. Use the View menu to either go to the previous card ( Go Prev ) or first card ( Go First ). Make sure you have the Edit tool selected in the Tools palette and drag a Label field to the middle of the card window. In this case, you can easily see which one is the Label field (it says Label: in the icon), but as a general tip, you can point to controls in the Tools Palette and see the help tip that shows what kind of control it is. In the Basic Properties section of the Inspector palette, uncheck the Don't wrap checkbox. Type title into the Name entry field. Choose Contents from the Inspector drop-down menu and replace the initial text that says Label: by entering Simple Calculator into the Contents entry field. Choose Text Formatting from the drop-down menu and click on the Align text center button, the middle of the three Align buttons. Change the font, size, and style options to make a nice looking title, resizing the field itself until you like how it looks: Drag a Push button (the second icon from the top-left corner of the Tools palette) from the Tools palette and place it below the title field. In the Inspector palette, choose Basic Properties from the drop-down menu (it's the menu that says Text Formatting in the preceding screenshot) and enter Begin in the Name entry field. LiveCode will automatically show the same text as the button's label even though you didn't type it in the Label entry field. You can go into the Mentally prepare yourself; we're about to type in our first script. With the button selected, choose Object Script from the Object menu. You can also right-click on the button itself and select Edit Script. The script window will appear and show a starter script of on mouseUp, blank line, and end mouseUp, as shown in the following screenshot: Complete the script by typing go next into the blank line to give you this final script: on mouseupChoose the Browse tool from the Tools palette (the upper leftmost tool that looks like a regular cursor arrow) and click on the Begin button that you just made. All being well, you're now looking at a blank card. Don't worry, you didn't just delete the title field and button. You're now on the second of the two cards that you made earlier. Use the View menu again to go back to the first card to try the button again. Save! from the File menu, choose Save and save the stack with the Simple Calculator name somewhere you can easily find it later. Perhaps, you could make a folder to hold the several stacks you will make while reading this book. In reality, these steps take well under two minutes and will be even quicker to carry out as you gain experience in LiveCode. If you want to make it big in the multimedia authoring tool world, which of these names would be a bad choice. Henry Bill Bob Kevin Answer: 1 In the early days of multimedia, it seemed like everyone had one of just a few popular names. There was Bill Atkinson, who created HyperCard, and Bill Appleton, who created SuperCard. Kevin Calhoun was the lead HyperCard programmer for a while and Kevin Miller is the head of LiveCode. Bob Stein was one of the founders of The Voyager Company and along with Bob Abel who was one of the pioneers in visual effects. Dan was another good choice as there was Dan Winkler, the author of the HyperTalk language, and Danny Goodman, the author of many famous programming books. Henry would be a good name if you wanted to make motorcars or marry lots of queens. Here, we will make a very simple calculator stack. Inspector clues, oh. You will find yourself using the Inspector palette a lot; so, take a moment to study how it behaves. When you select an object on the card, you will see that the Inspector palette changes its appearance, sometimes even its height, to show the options for the item you have selected. It is smart enough to notice when you have selected multiple items and shows the align tools. Sometimes, you will want to keep an Inspector palette set to view the options of a particular object on the card, and not switch so as to show a different object as you make other selections. In the upper-right corner of the Inspector palette is a padlock icon, which will let you lock the Inspector to the current object. So far, most of the Inspector palette options haven't affected us, but one that is about to be relevant is the fact that you can set a name for an item that is different from its label. You may know from other programming languages, and this does apply to LiveCode too, that some names are less legal than others. Perhaps you can't have spaces in the name or use a colon or backslash. For the calculator keys, we will set a label to make it look correct and a name that doesn't lead to confusion.Select Object Script from the Object menu to see the starter script as you did with the Begin button. In the empty line between on mouseUp and end mouseUp, type numberPressed the label of me. Note that numberPressed is a new handler that needs to be defined later. When used, me refers to the current object; in this case, the button pressed. Close and save the script. Select the button and make a copy of it by choosing Duplicate Objects from the Edit menu and position it where the 8 button will be. Set the name to number8, and label to 8. Repeat steps 8 and 9 for the buttons 9, 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 0, and the decimal point using the corresponding number instead of 8. For the decimal point, let the name be decimalpoint. Select Object Script for the divide button and change numberPressed in the middle line to say operatorPressed, making the whole line operatorPressed the short name of me. Duplicate the divide button three more times and set the names to multiply, plus, and minus. Drag a Label field from the Tools palette and in the Inspector palette, choose Text Formatting from the drop-down menu. In the Text Formatting settings, choose a nice looking font, right-justified text, and a large font size. Name the field display. Edit the script of the display field. With fields, you don't get the starter script that you get with buttons, so you will need to type the mouseUp lines yourself. Move all the buttons in their right spots and select the sets of buttons to then use the Align tools and make your calculator layout match the screenshot. Save it now! We have now made all the card level objects and typed in their scripts. Before doing that, it's worth trying to understand some of the lines we just entered. In some other tools, you have a choice of whether you want to use verbose English-like syntax, less verbose, or what is called dot syntax. The Lingo language, in Adobe Director, is a good comparison. What you type has to be in the form of: put value into container However, you do have a choice about whether to use a long version of a word, short version, or an abbreviated form. There are also synonyms, which allow you to use a word that makes more sense to you.It's just there so that at any point of time, you can click on the field and have the current value copied to the clipboard in order to paste it in other applications. You might choose to be more verbose than is needed, just for readability reasons, and in these chapters, this is going to be the case. It is easier to tell what is going to happen by using: put the text of me into textvariable The following will be less verbose compared to the preceding entry, even though they are equally valid: put me into textVariable In either case, as it's a field, LiveCode knows what you meant. You see in the script that we typed short name of me, what's that all about. To just grab the name itself, we use short name of me. There are times when you will want to use the other variations of name, including the long name and the abbreviated name, which you can read about in the LiveCode Dictionary entry for name. In addition to a description of the different ways to use name, there are a number of cautions you need to be aware of. Tip LiveCode doesn't mind what casing you have used and so, when I incorrectly said clipboarddata instead of clipboardData, it didn't matter. This feature isn't unique to LiveCode, but it is common among near-English programming languages to not demand that the user gets the casing exactly right before the command works. Adding the card handlers If you dared to go ahead and tried using the calculator buttons, you will see a lot of script errors. We need to add in the card level handlers to be at the receiving end of the calls that the buttons make. Instead of walking you through, typing a line of code at a time, it probably would be quicker to present the lines in one go and explain what each line does. As a practice run, here are the lines that we have entered so far: On all the number buttons and the decimal point button, you should have this script: on mouseupThis event will call a card handler named numberPressed, passing with it, the label that you had set for the button that holds this script. The C (clear) button has this script: on mouseUpThe other buttons all work the same way; they call a handler of the name used, which we're about to add to the card script.So, why don't we add all those card level scripts. We will take them one at a time, with an explanation of how each one works. But first, let's see how LiveCode handles variables. Tip If you purchased this book elsewhere, you can visit and register to have the files e-mailed directly to you. Variable types in LiveCode Generally speaking, variables are memory locations where you store values that you need to access later, but in most programming languages, you can dictate which routines have access to which variables. Less English-like languages may include the terms public, private, and protected. Things are not that different in LiveCode, but words are used that more accurately describe the region that the variable can be used in. If a variable is to be readable everywhere, it would be global. If it's just to be used in the current script, it's local. LiveCode also has custom property variables, and as an aside, many people would use these for performing the calculator button values instead of relying on the label of the button. Perhaps, we'll use them later. This is the first line of the card script: global currentTotal,currentValue,currentCommand,newNumber As discussed, these are the variables that will allow the many handlers to pass values to each other. In this case, the variables could be local, but often, you may make them global instead, thinking that a case may come up later where you need to get at the variables from outside the script you're in. It's good to reset things when you start the app and LiveCode has an openCard event that we can pick up on. The following code resets things: on openCardThis will zero out the display field, the running total for your calculation and the last number that you entered into the calculator. It also clears the variable that is used to remember which operator button you last pressed, and a Boolean (true or false) variable is used to recognize whether a number button that you press should clear the display or append to the display. All the numbered buttons and the decimal point button call this handler: on numberPressed nIn this case, it's the label of the button that was pressed. All this routine needs to add is a character to the end of the display field, except when you are typing in a new number. That's where the newNumber Boolean variable comes in; if it is set to true, the incoming character replaces all the contents of the display field. If it's false, the character is added to the end of the field.Now you press the operator button as there is no way to know what you're doing (since you haven't entered the next number in the calculation yet), so we have to remember the operator when we press the equals button. If the currentCommand variable doesn't already have a value, we store the display field text into a currentTotal variable, store the operator character that you pressed into the currentCommand variable, and make sure that newNumber is set to true. Doing this makes sure that the next number button you press will clear the display field. If currentCommand already has a value, we replace it with the new value and then call the same handler that is used when you press the equals button. There are most likely shorter ways to cope with the equals button being pressed, but here, we'll use several if statements and run the appropriate calculation code: on equalsPressedFor the four operators, we do the appropriate calculation. Afterwards, we store the new running total in the currentTotal variable, make sure that the newNumber Boolean is true (so that the next number button pressed will clear the display field), and we forget the last operator button that was pressed by putting empty in the currentCommand variable. One thing to note is that LiveCode is smart enough to know that the text string inside the display field is to be treated as a floating-point number. The togglesign last handler is as follows: on togglesignIt simply checks whether the first character is a minus or not and if it is, it deletes the character; if not, it inserts a hyphen that LiveCode will later interpret as a negative value. You know what you want to do, you know how to do it, but you can't remember where that thing is located. For example: Q1. Where did you go to set the text styling for the calculator's title field. The Edit menu. The Object menu. The Text Formatting section of the Inspector palette. The Text menu. Answer: 3 Getting to this section involved selecting the Edit tool from the Tools palette, clicking on the title field on card 1, and choosing Text Formatting from the Inspector palette drop-down menu. However, there is indeed a Text menu. Really, that's what we should have used. Extending the calculator It is possible to add more features to the simple calculator. If we consider the functions in the card script and how the buttons are named, we can start to see the processes that are involved in adding a new ability, some of these processes are as follows: The calculator operator buttons are named so that the card script knows which one you clicked on. Unfortunately, LiveCode doesn't like these as button labels. At least on Mac, when you type the character in the Inspector palette, the character immediately vanishes. LiveCode has a square root function; typing this in the Message Box would produce the square root of 10: put sqrt(10) Now that you are armed with the given information, try to add a square root feature to the calculator. In the later chapters, we will use many more controls, so let's take a sneak peek at those. The video player control LiveCode can play movies using the Player control type. All of the options shown to add a video player can be done in the same way for images. Choose the images that represent the idle and highlight states and click on Open. In the dialog that appears, select This Stack from the drop-down menu. Select the image that is in the idle state for the button. Click on the magic wand button next to the Hilite entry and choose the highlight state image. Under Basic Uncheck the boxes for Resize the button to be big enough to show the image. Select each of the original images, and under Basic Properties, uncheck the Visible box.