tankless water heater sizing guide
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tankless water heater sizing guideWorking on a budget but want the luxury of a steam or sauna room included in your bath remodel or new construction.Check out our tankless water heater buying guide for help figuring out what will best suit your needs Browse our complete selection of point-of-use heaters to find models that install directly at the fixture. Therefore, before purchasing a water heater, make sure it's the correct size. Here you'll find information about how to size these systems: Tankless or demand-type water heaters Solar water heating system Storage and heat pump (with tank) water heaters. For sizing combination water and space heating systems -- including some heat pump systems, and tankless coil and indirect water heaters -- consult a qualified contractor. If you haven't yet considered what type of water heater might be best for your home, learn more about selecting a new water heater. Sizing Tankless or Demand-Type Water Heaters Tankless or demand-type water heaters are rated by the maximum temperature rise possible at a given flow rate. Therefore, to size a demand water heater, you need to determine the flow rate and the temperature rise you'll need for its application (whole house or a remote application, such as just a bathroom) in your home. First, list the number of hot water devices you expect to use at any one time. Then, add up their flow rates (gallons per minute). This is the desired flow rate you'll want for the demand water heater. For example, let's say you expect to simultaneously run a hot water faucet with a flow rate of 0.75 gallons (2.84 liters) per minute and a shower head with a flow rate of 2.5 gallons (9.46 liters) per minute. The flow rate through the demand water heater would need to be at least 3.25 gallons (12.3 liters) per minute. To reduce flow rates, install low-flow water fixtures. To determine temperature rise, subtract the incoming water temperature from the desired output temperature.http://www.jafra-com.at/userfiles/dell-as500-manual.xml
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Most demand water heaters are rated for a variety of inlet temperatures. Faster flow rates or cooler inlet temperatures can sometimes reduce the water temperature at the most distant faucet. Some types of tankless water heaters are thermostatically controlled; they can vary their output temperature according to the water flow rate and inlet temperature. Solar system contractors use worksheets and computer programs to help determine system requirements and collector sizing. Collector Area Contractors usually follow a guideline of around 20 square feet (2 square meters) of collector area for each of the first two family members. Storage Volume A small (50- to 60-gallon) storage tank is usually sufficient for one to two three people. A medium (80-gallon) storage tank works well for three to four people. A large tank is appropriate for four to six people. For active systems, the size of the solar storage tank increases with the size of the collector -- typically 1.5 gallons per square foot of collector. This helps prevent the system from overheating when the demand for hot water is low. In very warm, sunny climates, some experts suggest that the ratio should be increased to as much as 2 gallons of storage to 1 square foot of collector area. Other Calculations Additional calculations involved in sizing your solar water heating system include evaluating your building site's solar resource and determining the proper orientation and tilt of the solar collector. Visit the solar water heaters page for more on these calculations. Sizing Storage and Heat Pump (with Tank) Water Heaters To properly size a storage water heater for your home -- including a heat pump water heater with a tank -- use the water heater's first hour rating. The first hour rating is the number of gallons of hot water the heater can supply per hour (starting with a tank full of hot water). It depends on the tank capacity, source of heat (burner or element), and the size of the burner or element.http://www.ceecert.com/e-bussiness/fckimages/dell-ap6020-manual.xml Product literature from a manufacturer may also provide the first hour rating. Look for water heater models with a first hour rating that matches within 1 or 2 gallons of your peak hour demand -- the daily peak 1-hour hot water demand for your home. To estimate your peak hour demand: Determine what time of day (morning, noon, evening) you use the most hot water in your home. Keep in mind the number of people living in your home. Use the worksheet below to estimate your maximum usage of hot water during this one hour of the day—this is your peak hour demand. Note: the worksheet does not estimate total daily hot water usage. The worksheet example shows a total peak hour demand of 36 gallons. Therefore, this household would need a water heater model with a first hour rating of 34 to 38 gallons. Click here for the Rheem Contractor app Call us at 000.000.0000All Rights Reserved.For more information, see our Privacy Statement. The chart at right follows standard industry guidelines for residential sizing.You should consider your family to be High Demand if.A larger capacity water heater should be considered.You can select your application, and we'll guide you through the process. Privacy Policy NAECA Guidelines Technical Training Advertising Tools Brand Merchandise About Us History Products Sponsorships News. The instant and endless flow of hot water, lesser electricity consumption, easy installation, lower maintenance costs, longer lifespan, tax breaks, and longer warranties are some of the reasons why they are growing increasingly popular for residential and commercial buildings. Perhaps the biggest reason is that these heaters are designed to save you more space since they can be placed on a small portion of the wall, unlike the usual tank-water heaters that are bulky.http://www.diamondsinthemaking.com/content/boss-fdr-1-manual If you are looking to install the tankless models and you’re unsure of which size you should buy, here are some factors you should take into account: The size of your house The rate of water flow in your house Temperature rise Your household size We’ll discuss these points in better detail in this article. However, before we delve further into the topic, it is imperative that you should know not to buy a smaller size of tankless water heater than you actually need because of price differences. Let’s check a quick chart before delve right in. However, almost all modern water heaters can steam the entire water supply of your home entirely. Opting for smaller sized models can be inefficient as you might only be restricted to heating the water that flows into certain bathrooms in your house. Unlike regular storage tank heaters that allow you to store and heat only the amount of water you expect to use, well-sized tankless heaters heat as much water as you can run through them. The size you choose must not be too small that it outputs lesser heated water than it takes to fill all your bathrooms 2. The Rate of Water Flow in Your House ? ? We’ve established that tankless water heaters are not like regular tank heaters because it steams the water as it runs into your house. This means that the rate of water output from your taps is determined by the flow rate supplied by your heater. Considering this factor enable you to run more than one tap or shower at the same time without your tap running slower. Assuming the usual rate of flow of one shower head is 1.8 gallons per minute, another shower may start running alongside the first shower at a similar rate of 1.8 gallons per minute. If both showers are connected to the tankless water heaters, it must conveniently supply enough flow rates for both showers. To help you estimate the flow rates of most of your faucets, we shared some typical flow rates below.https://www.pensiluet.com/images/91-toyota-4runner-manual.pdf The actual flow rates may be different for your house and different appliances. We’ll take into consideration the temperature of the water that flows into your home and the temperature of the water that you want to flow out of your tap to determine the required temperature rise. Also, it’s worthy to note that the average ground temperatures may differ for different US states because some states are generally warmer or colder than others. Some states are estimated to have a temperature as high as 75 degrees, while others can be low as 35 degrees. Knowing the groundwater temperature of your state helps in calculating how hard your heater will need to work. If you’re not sure what that is, you can assume a temperature of 40 degrees to ensure you don’t underestimate the amount of temperature rise needed. 4. Your Household Size This is also another crucial factor to take note of before you install a tankless water heater in your home. Your tankless heater should be capable of handling occasional usages of hot water running from individual faucets. However, another thing you should take note of is the times of high usage. What does this mean. Every household experiences a peak heated water usage when they have guests over, are planning a wedding or any of such occasions. If these occasions occur often, you must take it into account when choosing a tank. Even though you might not be using heated water at all times, you must consider the times when your usage skyrockets and use that as a baseline for calculating your tankless water heater specifications. Estimating your tankless heater size based on the highest possible simultaneous usage allows for smooth heating operation during these peak periods and during periods of normal usage. Gas Tankless Water heater or Electric Tankless Water Heater. Apart from size, the other factor that determines the functionality of the tankless water heater is the size. In general, gas tankless water heaters can heat up to 5 gallons of water up to 70 degrees Fahrenheit in one minute while electric tankless water heaters can heat only 2 gallons of water to 70 degrees Fahrenheit within the same time. Always check the product specifications for GPM and temperature rise ratings before purchase. Tankless Water Heater Size FAQs You might still have some questions relating to the size of the tankless water heater you need; we try to answer them in this section. Which sizes last longer? ? ? Size is not a big determinant of tankless water heater durability as much as its type. Gas tankless water heaters tend to have longer lifespans than the electric water heater. However, the model and the product brand have a role to play as regards the lifespan, but typically, gas-fired tankless heaters tend to last for over twenty years while electric water heaters have a 7-10-year lifespan. Where can I find the right model size. You’re likely to find all model sizes at departmental plumbing stores. For your convenience, you can consider ordering them online, but ensure you’ve read the specifications to avoid complications. What size tankless water heater can I install myself. None, this is not a DIY activity as you need the expertise of a trained installer. The installation process is quite complicated. It involves gas connections, electrical circuits, propane units, etc. In some cases, the store always recommends a tech person. What size tankless water heater is easier to maintain. Evidently, smaller model sizes would be easier to maintain as compared to the larger models. Regardless, at timely intervals, you will need an expert to run some check-ups on your tankless water heater. This includes checking for leakages, checking the air vents, cleaning the burner, etc. If you live in a hard water area, you should consider using vinegar to flush your tankless water heater every 3 weeks to keep sediments from clogging the heat exchanger, especially for small sizes. What are the prices for different tankless water heater sizes. As regards the size and models, tankless heaters prices vary. Conclusion After you’ve calculated your water flow rate, required temperature rise for normal hot water usage, ensure you adjust for moments of peak usage so your heater can serve you in both times. If there’s anything you still need to know apart from all the answers we’ve provided, please let us know in the comments below. Tweet Share 1 Pin 33 34 Shares More From Sunrise Specialty: 13 Common Water Heater Problems (Tricks to Fix) 7 Steps to Test Water Heater Thermostat How to Turn on a Water Heater (12 Precautions to Follow) Will Water Heater Timer Save Your Money. Emma (Sunrise Specialty Staff) Hi, I’m Emma, Editor of Sunrise Specialty. Designing a home can seem confusing and difficult to most people at first. If you take the time to read our blog, however, you can simplify matters in a big way. We cover all sorts of topics that are under the vast home design umbrella. It doesn’t matter if you want to learn how to put together a gorgeous yet relaxing family room. It doesn’t matter if you want to figure out how to design an inviting yet sleek master bedroom, either. Our insight can guide the way for you. 4 thoughts on “What Size Tankless Water Heater Do I Need?” Phil July 4, 2020 at 6:59 pm Really good information to know. Thanks Reply Lidia Lumovic August 22, 2020 at 6:40 pm This is so helpful. Watch the videos below to learn how to choose the correct model. After that, view our Sizing Guide PDFs, which offer further guidance on choosing an appropriate tankless model for your application. We encourage you to give us a call and speak with one of our friendly, knowledgeable staff, who can help you ensure you've chosen the right Stiebel Eltron tankless electric water heater for the job. Our pursuit of engineering excellence and high-quality manufacturing results in products fulfilling the highest expectations of performance and reliability. Additional tools such as the Payback Calculator are available to further assist in the selection of the best A. O. Smith heater for your project. Pro-Size is intended to assist in selecting water heaters or boilers that best meet the specific job requirements. It is the sole responsibility of the system designer to select the correct products needed for the specific application. A. O. Smith reserves the right to make changes to Pro-Size without notice. For more see Terms of Use. Learn more about our product review process or check our FTC affiliate disclosure. Tankless water heaters provide endless hot water on demand. However, tankless water heaters are limited by how much water they can heat at any given time. Choose too small of a system and it won’t have the capacity to provide enough hot water to meet your household needs. Go too big and you will overpay. This buying guide will walk you through the process of sizing a tankless water heater and also shed light on other aspects that you have to consider when shopping. So, in order to size a tankless water heater you have to consider 2 things: How many gpm (gallons per minute) of hot water you need at times of peak consumption. Remember, tankless water heaters don’t store any water but heat it as it flows. The required temperature rise which is determined by feed water temperature and output water temp settings. What if you undersize. Bad idea! If the required hot water demand surpasses the possible maximum, even if only temporary, most water heaters will throttle the flow automatically. In addition, a tankless water heater that runs at full speed all the time is more likely to break down prematurely. What if you go too big. Oversizing is not that big of a deal. The only issue is unnecessary upfront cost. You can use the chart below for this. It lists the standard flow rates of different types of water outlets sold in the U.S. Of course, you could also look up your specific fixtures etc.Simply determine which devices you want to be able to run simultaneously and how many of them. Then add up their flow rates. Above that, a tankless water heater that does not have to run at full capacity all the time is likely to last longer. At the same time, a little planning will allow you to reduce your peak demand significantly. This includes taking turns when showering, letting the dishwasher do its thing while everyone is out of the house, and preparing your food before or after the showers are finished. Obviously, you have to take into account not only the number of bathrooms in your home, but also how many people are living under one roof. 2 people can only use 2 showers at the same time, even in a 5-bathroom mansion. Ask yourself: Will the water heater serve your entire home or just parts of it. The flow rates listed below indicate total water output, so hot water PLUS cold water. In other words, showering with a 2.5 gpm shower head does not mean that all of the water will be hot. It is more likely that you mix in some cold to get the desired temperature. Thus, the actual hot water demand is somewhat lower. To reduce flow rates you could install low-flow aerators or fixtures. As you can see, we did not include flow rates for washing machines and dishwashers. This is because we found it very difficult to get reliable data on this. Some sources say 2 to 3 gpm, others 1.5. What you could do is run each appliance separately and monitor your water meter and measure time. This will give you a rough idea of how much flow is needed.Here all you have to do is subtract the temperature of your feed water from the desired output water temp. You have two options: Measure with a thermometer Use our awesome U.S. average groundwater temperature map Please note: These are average temperature estimates. Real temperatures vary with season and weather. As you can see, where you live in the country plays a huge role as far as average groundwater temperature is concerned. The final step is to go out and look for a tankless water heater that meets these requirements. Basically all manufacturers provide sizing charts with their products that specify maximum flow rates at a given temperature rise or vice versa. You want to choose a unit size that either meets or exceeds your peak hot water demand. Be aware, though, that manufacturers like to promote their products using best-case scenarios, so take the information with a grain of salt. Check our electric tankless water heater reviews to find a system that perfectly fits your needs. Video Prefer video? Check this out: Size Chart Check out a few size charts and you will quickly notice that gas or electric makes a huge difference. Generally speaking, tankless gas water heaters are more powerful, meaning that they can produce higher gpm than electric units at the same temperature rise. Click here for our reviews of the best electric tankless water heaters. Let’s start with the former. Fuel Type: Electric or Gas. When you are upgrading your home from a tank water heater to a tankless system, sticking with the same fuel type can make sense as it may help to save money on installation. If you are building a new home, all that matters is availability and cost of the different fuel types. If you are fortunate enough to have the choice, make sure to compare the cost for each. Natural gas is delivered via pipeline and therefore not available everywhere. But if it is, it is usually the preferred type. Propane has to be purchased independently. Like we said, in general gas-fired water heaters have more power than units running on electricity, so they can heat the water more quickly. In fact, electric tankless water heaters are only partially suited for whole house use. Even the biggest models can barely provide enough water for 1.5-bathroom homes, unless you live in the south. Still, electric tankless water heaters have 2 major advantages: They are much more affordable than gas units. And they are easier to install, provided that the setup does not require rewiring of your home ( more on this below ). This saves you even more money and time. Gas water heaters perform better from an energy-savings point of view which will lower operation cost. Whole House or Point-of-Use. You can choose between a whole house tankless water heater and one or multiple point-of-use systems that work independently from one another. (Of course, you could also install two whole house units to work in tandem in case that’s needed, which is rare.) The benefit of point-of-use is that you can install them directly where the hot water is needed, at least in case of an electric unit, allowing for instant hot water. Since no venting is required (learn more here ), they can even be installed under your kitchen sink or in a closet. Several units can be used to meet the demand of larger families. All in all, once you have your required flow rate and temperature rise you will know whether whole house or point-of-use will work best for you. Energy Factor (EF) A system’s Energy Factor rates its energy conversion efficiency. A higher factor equals higher efficiency. This becomes important if you are concerned about energy savings which directly translate to lower operating cost. This is why the Energy Factor only plays a minor role here. For modern tankless gas water heaters, ratings range from 0.82 which is the current U.S. minimum efficiency standard to 0.98 for highly efficient condensing tankless gas water heaters. These systems use a second heat exchanger to capture excess exhaust heat to pre-heat the incoming water. Source: FYI: The fact that electric tankless water heaters are more energy efficient than gas units does not imply that they are cheaper to operate. In fact, the opposite is true because gas is the less expensive fuel source at this time. Pilot Lights (Tankless Gas Water Heaters Only) Some tankless gas water heaters use a standing pilot light that burns constantly and thus requires fuel to maintain a flame even when no hot water is being used. This is a waste of energy, obviously. The only advantage that heaters with standing pilot lights have is that they are more affordable. The better alternative is models making use of intermittent ignition that only sparks the burner when water is flowing. Installation When talking about tankless water heater installation, factors such as your home’s plumbing configuration, size of the gas supply, and wiring and electrical service come into play. Generally speaking, switching to tankless is expensive (if you are building a new home you definitely want to go tankless from the beginning). And as you will see, in most cases a gas system is more costly to install than an electric unit. The good news is that your tankless water heater after that will be much cheaper to set up as no retrofitting will be involved. If you are a passionate DIYer and insist on doing the installation yourself, remember that there are building codes to comply with and that you will likely have to pull a permit. Electric The primary concern when installing an electric tankless water heater is amperage draw: Does your home have sufficient electrical service to accommodate the system. For example, with the Stiebel Eltron Tempra 36 Plus which we’ve mentioned before in this guide the minimum recommended main service is 300A, plus it requires 3 separate dedicated 50A double pole breakers. To put this into perspective, the average home has a total capacity of 200A. And even if you choose the smaller Tempra 24 Plus, 2x 50A double pole breakers and 150A main service is still required. What this means is that you might have to upgrade your service panel with bigger wires and bigger breakers (you might be able to make these changes yourself in order to save some money). On a side note: Product descriptions should specify amperage requirements. If you are unfamiliar with any of these numbers better consult an electrician before you spend your money. Want more information on electric tankless water heater installation. Gas What do you have to consider when it comes to installing a tankless gas water heater. One word: Venting. Venting allows you to get rid of the exhaust fumes that every gas water heater produces. And because tankless gas water heaters produce a lot of them, they need special, and most importantly larger, venting. So while electric tankless water heaters can be installed in tight spaces, more room is required with gas. Also, if you are switching from tank-based to tankless reusing your old venting probably won’t work. This is because exhaust temperatures are much higher. Metal piping is almost always required. It also makes a difference if a unit uses direct venting versus power venting. And non-condensing tankless gas water heaters require different venting than condensing units. But those are topics for another day. All you have to know for now is that venting done by a licensed professional will add to the installation cost. Outdoor Tankless Water Heaters An outdoor tankless water heater makes venting completely unnecessary. However, although there are measures for freeze protection, they are not for cold climates. The second issue is gas supply in your home which needs to be large enough to power a tankless unit. A new (dedicated) gas pipe with a larger diameter might be needed, although sometimes it can be enough to increase supply pressure. We recommend you make an appointment with a certified plumber in your area to discuss your options. Anyway, be prepared to spend at least several hundred and up to a couple thousand dollars for this. Warranty Lastly, warranty length and coverage is also something you want to pay attention to. Frequently Asked Questions This is almost impossible to tell. It depends on how many bathrooms and water using appliances you have, and the required temperature rise.Again, this is simply not enough information to give a reliable answer. It depends on how many bathrooms and water using appliances you have, and the required temperature rise. We recommend you go through steps 1 to 3 in this sizing guide or use our sizing calculator ! How many tankless water heaters you need depends on your peak hot water demand and required temperature rise (check sizing guide above). Electric tankless water heaters are perfect for smaller families and apartments. In case of very high demand, consider installing 2 or more heaters, either at the point of use so they work separately from one another or in one central spot to work in tandem operating as a single unit. Furthermore, although more expensive upfront, adding two smaller units in series can sometimes make more sense than installing one large one. If you have any thoughts or questions about how to size a tankless water heater please don’t hesitate to leave a comment below. About the Author Gene Fitzgerald Gene Fitzgerald has been with BOS since the very beginning. She is head of content creation and has fully immersed herself into the home water treatment industry only to become an expert herself. Learn more about Gene and the rest of the BOS Team. Advertising Leave a Comment: BOS offers practical, real-life tips and advice on home water treatment. Want cleaner, safer and healthier water. Your Name Your Name. Your Email Your Email. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. More Info Contact Us Resources Sitemap Privacy Policy Terms and Conditions FTC Affiliate Disclosure. Copyright Text 2020 By BOS Your Name Your Name. Your Email Your Email. Register. Read My Review! Read The Review! Wrong Question Here’s Our Review to Help Decide! Read On to Find Out! Do You Need a Softener? Yes, It Does! Test for Coliform Bacteria First The City vs Well Water Debate Here Is The Average Lifespan Here Are The Pros And Cons Here’s How To Remove It Is It Safe? Are There Side Effects? Should You Use One? Try The Best Shower Head Filter! Use The Best Filters Or, Are There Side Effects? The Truth About How Effective They Are What Are The Alternatives? Use The Best Filters To Get Rid Of It Our Full Comparison Like, a hot water tank for 5 people will require at least a 60-gallon tank. Gallons Per Minute (GPM) is the key when it comes to sizing tankless water heaters. You may not need that big of a tankless water heater so make sure you read the whole article. Tankless water heater sizing calculator How big of a tankless water heater do I need. How to choose a tankless water heater Are tankless water heaters worth it? So, you don’t really have to think of how many gallons you use over the course of the day. Only the gallons used at the same time. In the morning you have two showers running and somebody put in a load of laundry at the same time. How many GPM is a dishwasher. Or washing machine? Or, you can take a look at this handy cheat sheet below to get an idea. At the end of the week, you will see some patterns and understand exactly when your peak water demand is and how many GPM you will need from your on demand water heater to cover that. Recirculation pump ready kit ready For use outdoors with freeze protection up to -30 degrees In certain circumstances, you won’t get that water flow and still have the water come out hot.