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ingles en familia larousse lengua espanola manuales practicosRequest full-text PDF Citations (0) References (1) ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication. New classification of peripheral retinal vascular changes in sickle cell disease Article Full-text available Oct 1994 BRIT J OPHTHALMOL Alan D Penman J F Talbot Elaine Chuang Alan Bird The systemic complications of homozygous sickle cell disease (SS) are more severe than in sickle cell haemoglobin C (SC) disease, and yet visual loss due to proliferative retinopathy is more common in the latter. This anomaly is unexplained. It is believed that proliferative disease occurs in response to closure of the peripheral retinal vasculature, yet a systematic longitudinal survey of the peripheral retinal vascular bed has not been undertaken. In the Jamaica Sickle Cohort study all subjects are scheduled to receive annual ocular examination and fluorescein angiography. The results have now been analysed in subjects with SS and SC disease using a new classification system based on a comparison of the peripheral retinal vascular bed with that recorded in the cohort with normal haemoglobin (AA) genotype. The vascular patterns could be classified as qualitatively normal (type I) or abnormal (type II). An abnormal vascular pattern was identified more commonly with age, in a significantly larger proportion of subjects with SC than SS disease, and was associated with the development of proliferative disease. In order to establish the dynamics of change, the angiograms were analysed in the 18 subjects (24 eyes) who developed proliferative disease. It is shown that a qualitatively normal vascular pattern may be retained despite loss of capillary bed and posterior displacement of the vascular border. A border which is qualitatively abnormal does not revert to normal, and once abnormal, continuous evolution may occur before development of proliferative lesions.http://liur.ru/userfiles/casio-aq164w-1av-user-manual.xml
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The peripheral border of the retinal vasculature was too peripheral to photographed in 13 of the 24 eyes before it becoming qualitatively abnormal. It is concluded that a normal border, if posterior, results from gradual modification of the capillary bed and indicates low risk of proliferative disease. A qualitatively abnormal vascular border occurs as a radical alteration of retinal perfusion in subjects in whom little modification of the vascular bed occurred before the event, and signals risk of proliferative disease. This classification system is useful in identifying the likelihood of threat to vision in young Jamaicans with sickle cell disease, and the higher frequency of proliferative retinopathy in SC can be explained by the higher prevalence of a qualitatively abnormal peripheral retinal vasculature. Both these patients developed clubbing of fingers during the course of treatment, one developing it during the 2nd month while the other during the 4th month. It was of grade II in one patient and of grade III in another and was bilateral in both the cases. Clubbing was not presented prior to start of treatment and no other secondary cause of clubbing was found in any of the case. These patients were not on any other drug that is known to interfere with interferon or can be associated with clubbing. No national or international data regarding such unusual side effect is available. Whether this effect is idiosyncratic or dose related and whether it is reversible or not after completion of treatment is yet to be established. Read more Article High prevalence of cutaneous reactions to interferon alfa plus ribavirin combination therapy in pati. Relapses are very common. We studied consecutive twenty patients with chronic hepatitis C who had HCV-RNA negativity and normal ALT levels at the end of interferon alpha therapy. Total doses of interferon ranged from 288 million units (MU) to 480MU.http://stanir.ru/userfiles/casio-aq-160-manual.xml Serum HCV-RNA sequences were examined before and at the end of treatment by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers to the 5? noncoding region. Serum sIL-2R levels were also measured before and at the end of treatment using enzyme-linked immunoassay. Eight of twenty (40) patients were sustained responders and the rest of the patients (60) relapsed (partial responders). This descriptive case series study was conducted in Medical Unit II of the Jinnah Hospital Lahore from September 2012 to February 2013. Patients were started on pegylated interferon and ribavirin combination therapy. Subjects were subjected to dilated eye fundoscopic examination at the start of therapy and then after three months of the therapy. One hundred patients were included in this study. Out of these 100 patients 5 developed retinopathy whereas fundus examination was normal in rest of the patients. Interferon therapy can lead to retinopathy. Periodic fundoscopic examinations help in early detection and prevent progression to permanent visual loss. When the treatment was interrupted, all the clinical symptoms and the test abnormalities returned to normal. Therapeutic abstention and monitoring are usual in the absence of visual acuity changes. However, in certain cases, such as in this patient, ceasing treatment as a matter of urgency avoids serious visual aftereffects. However, because of the incidence on the liver disease, this treatment interruption requires having clearly ruled out all other differential diagnoses. This study was conducted to identify the factors contributing to ribavirin-induced anemia. Read more Article Efficacy of natural BALL-1 interferon-.We investigated two studies using a natural BALL-1 interferon-alpha treatment for chronic hepatitis C and assessed its efficacy.http://www.raumboerse-luzern.ch/mieten/bosch-she44c05uc-manual In a combination therapy of natural interferon-alpha and interferon-beta (Study II), 24 patients received intravenous 3 mega units of interferon-beta twice daily for the initial 2 weeks followed by 10 mega units of natural BALL-1 interferon-alpha consecutively for 2 weeks and three times a week for 6 months totally. Efficacy and predictive factors for sustained viral response was investigated. Study II included significant younger patients than study I. Sustained virological response was obtained in 31.0 in Study I and 56.5 in Study II by intention-to-treat analysis. Sustained serum aminotransferase (sALT) normalization was resulted in 11 (19.6) of the 51 patients. The pretreatment serum HCV-RNA titers tended to be higher in no responders than in complete responders and partial responders. HCV-RNA concentration in the liver correlated with serum HCV-RNA quantity. Mixed infection with more than 2 genotypes of HCV was found commonly than previously reported. IFN therapy induced complete response in 6 (66.7) of the 9 patients with type III infection, and this response rate was apparently higher than that in the patients infected with type II or mixed type of HCV. Serum HCV-RNA titers were significantly higher in the patients with type III infection than in the patients with type II or mixed type infection. These findings implied that the determinations of pretreatment serum HCV-RNA titers and HCV-genotypes could be useful to predict sALT improvement and HCV eradication by IFN therapy. Currently, there is no satisfactory treatment of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Interferon has never been used for the treatment of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Read more Article How to avoid discontinuation of ribavirin in combination with interferon to maintain efficacy of tre. IFN-? was used 10 MU per day for 2 wk and 3 times weekly for an additional 22 wk.http://churchoftheresurrectionacc.com/images/cadillac-allante-service-manual.pdf In 25 patients with IFN therapy, the optic fundi were examined before therapy began, every 4 wk thereafter, and whenever patients complained of visual symptoms. C5a levels were measured before, and during the 4th, 8th, 12th, and 24th wk, and at any time that a retinal complication was discovered. Twenty patients served as IFN-untreated controls. They had six optic fundi examinations, each 4 wk apart. C5a levels were measured three times, 4 wk apart, in 10 controls. Results: No retinal hemorrhage or cotton-wool spots were detected before IFN-.However, retinal hemorrhage occurred in six patients (24) during IFN-? therapy. Five of six episodes occurred within the first 8 wk. Only three patients with retinal hemorrhage had visual symptoms. Cotton-wool spots developed in four patients with retinal hemorrhage. Retinal hemorrhage and cotton-wool spots resolved gradually despite continuous administration of IFN-?. Before IFN therapy and in controls, all C5a levels were Read more Last Updated: 10 Sep 2020 Discover the world's research Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. Join for free ResearchGate iOS App Get it from the App Store now. Install Keep up with your stats and more Access scientific knowledge from anywhere or Discover by subject area Recruit researchers Join for free Login Email Tip: Most researchers use their institutional email address as their ResearchGate login Password Forgot password. Keep me logged in Log in or Continue with LinkedIn Continue with Google Welcome back. Keep me logged in Log in or Continue with LinkedIn Continue with Google No account. All rights reserved. Terms Privacy Copyright Imprint. Citations (21) Abstract Another title in the award winning 'Practical Manual' series from Wiley-Blackwell, following on from Edmonds, Foster and Sanders' APractical Manual of Diabetic Foot Care - winner of the British Medical Association's Medical Book of the Year Award 2004.https://saraelv.no/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/1629d17147770f---craftsman-planer-manual.pdf This practical clinical manual covers the diagnosis, treatment and long-term management of eye problems in people with diabetes, with a strong emphasis on the importance of early diagnosis. Edited and authored by world-renowned experts from leading centres, APractical Manual of Diabetic Retinopathy Management presents evidence-based guidance relevant for a global audience. Request full-text PDF Citations (21) References (0). Therefore, it is recommended that all diabetes patients have their eyes examined regularly every year to save their vision. Cotton wool spots (CWSs) are the critical lesions of diabetic retinopathy, which indicate not only advanced nonproliferative but also preproliferative diabetic retinopathy. It is crucial to detect CWSs for grading the severity of diabetic retinopathy. By grading the severity of diabetic retinopathy accurately, the eye specialist can make an effective treatment plan to protect the patient's vision against blindness. CWSs detection remains challenging because of their uneven appearance, in which some CWSs are not clearly visible and some resemble hard exudates. This paper proposed an automatic CWS detection method based on adaptive thresholding and ant colony optimization (ACO) coupled with support vector machine (SVM). One?hundred and sixty?two features from five feature sets, namely morphologies, first?order statistics, gray?level co?occurrence matrix, gray?level run length matrix, and lacunarity, are extracted, and then four feature selection methods,namely genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, stepwise method, and ACO, are coupled with SVM classifiers. View Show abstract. Consequently, it is recommended that people with diabetes undergo eye-screening at regular yearly intervals to help prevent vision loss. Primary screening of DR is essential, and it is recommended that diabetes patients undergo this procedure at least once per year to prevent vision loss.www.fuelignitethrive.com/files/a-23-mffi-user-manual.pdf However, in addition to the insufficient number of ophthalmologists available, the eye examination itself is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Thus, an automated DR screening method using retinal images is proposed in this paper to reduce the workload of ophthalmologists in the primary screening process and so that ophthalmologists may make effective treatment plans promptly to help prevent patient blindness. First, all possible candidate lesions of DR were segmented from the whole retinal image using a combination of morphological-top-hat and Kirsch edge-detection methods supplemented by pre- and post-processing steps. Then, eight feature extractors were utilized to extract a total of 208 features based on the pixel density of the binary image as well as texture, color, and intensity information for the detected regions. Finally, hybrid simulated annealing was applied to select the optimal feature set to be used as the input to the ensemble bagging classifier. The evaluation results of this proposed method, on a dataset containing 1200 retinal images, indicate that it performs better than previous methods, with an accuracy of 97.08, a sensitivity of 90.90, a specificity of 98.92, a precision of 96.15, an F-measure of 93.45 and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve at 98.34. View Show abstract. DR is one of the most common diabetic complications, which has become a leading cause for vision loss, mainly because of macular edema and vitreous hemorrhage. DR may lead to the development of sight threatening lesions and without adequate and timely treatment the patients could lose their sight and eventually become blind (International Diabetes Federation and The Fred Hollows Foundation, 2015; Scanlon et al., 2009).https://www.tenniscanberra.com.au/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/1629d1716b9598---Craftsman-planer-owners-manual.pdf DR is often asymptomatic until an advanced stage, thereby screening to detect sight threatening DR at an early stage is essential which has resulted in the introduction of DR Screening services in many countries such as UK (Harding et al., 2003), USA, the Netherlands, France, etc.. Superimposition of eye fundus images for longitudinal analysis from large public health databases Article Jul 2017 Guillaume Noyel Rebecca Thomas Gavin Bhakta Peter Boyle In this paper, a method is presented for superimposition (i.e. registration) of eye fundus images from persons with diabetes screened over many years for diabetic retinopathy. The method is fully automatic and robust to camera changes and colour variations across the images both in space and time. All the stages of the process are designed for longitudinal analysis of cohort public health databases where retinal examinations are made at approximately yearly intervals. The method relies on a model correcting two radial distortions and an affine transformation between pairs of images which is robustly fitted on salient points. Each stage involves linear estimators followed by non-linear optimisation. The model of image warping is also invertible for fast computation. The method has been validated (1) on a simulated montage and (2) on public health databases with 69 patients with high quality images (271 pairs acquired mostly with different types of camera and 268 pairs acquired mostly with the same type of camera) with success rates of 92 and 98, and five patients (20 pairs) with low quality images with a success rate of 100. Compared to two state-of-the-art methods, ours gives better results.Digital retinal photography with mydriasis is the preferred modality for diabetes eye screening.https://training-solutions.ro/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/1629d1723ee3d9---craftsman-parts-and-manuals.pdf The purpose of this study was to evaluate agreement in grading levels between primary and secondary graders and to calculate their sensitivity and specificity for identifying sight-threatening disease in an optometry-based retinopathy screening program. Methods. This was a retrospective study using data from 8,977 patients registered in the North Nottinghamshire retinal screening program. In all cases, the ophthalmology diagnosis was used as the arbitrator and considered to be the gold standard. Kappa statistics were used to evaluate the level of agreement between graders. Results. Agreement between primary and secondary graders was 51.4 and 79.7 for detecting no retinopathy (R0) and background retinopathy (R1), respectively. For preproliferative (R2) and proliferative retinopathy (R3) at primary grading, agreement between the primary and secondary grader was 100. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting R3 was 78.2 and 98.1, respectively. None of the patients upgraded from any level of retinopathy to R3 required photocoagulation therapy. Conclusion. These data provide information on the safety of a community optometry-based retinal screening program for screening as a primary and as a secondary grader. The level of agreement between the primary and secondary grader at a higher level of retinopathy (R2 and R3) was 100. Sensitivity and specificity for R3 were 78.2 and 98.1, respectively. None of the false-negative results required photocoagulation therapy. It is a complication of both types of diabetes mellitus, which affects the light perception part of the eye (retina). DR may lead to the development of sight threatening lesions and without adequate and timely treatment the patient could lose their sight and eventually become blind (International Diabetes Federation and The Fred Hollows Foundation, 2015) (Scanlon et al., 2009).www.fruko-schulz.com/upload/files/a-2003-uhf-manual.pdf DR is often asymptomatic until an advanced stage, thereby screening to detect sight threatening DR at an early stage is essential which has resulted in the introduction of DR Screening services in many countries such as UK (Harding et al., 2003), USA, the Netherlands, France, etc.. Superimposition of eye fundus images for longitudinal analysis from large public health databases Preprint Jul 2017 Guillaume Noyel Rebecca Thomas Gavin Bhakta Peter Boyle This is a preprint of the published article. It is a preliminary version.The Version of Record is available online at View Show abstract. Ocular imaging provides the tools for screening of diabetic individuals to detect and treat changes before vision loss. Modern instruments allow rapid in vivo imaging of the diabetic fundus using multiple modalities with higher resolution. Images can be transmitted, manipulated, analyzed, and graded with increasing ease. These imaging techniques are now entwined in the paradigms for newer treatments for DR. This paper aimed to provide a brief overview of current imaging modalities including conventional and digital fundus imaging, scanning laser ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, wide-field retinal imaging, and optical coherence tomography. Future developments in these imaging techniques are discussed. View Show abstract Automatic detection of microaneurysms in colour fundus images for diabetic retinopathy screening Article Jun 2015 NEURAL COMPUT APPL Sarni Suhaila Rahim Chrisina Jayne Vasile Palade James Shuttleworth Regular eye screening is essential for the early detection and treatment of the diabetic retinopathy. This paper presents a novel automatic screening system for diabetic retinopathy that focuses on the detection of the earliest visible signs of retinopathy, which are microaneurysms. Microaneurysms are small dots on the retina, formed by ballooning out of a weak part of the capillary wall. The detection of the microaneurysms at an early stage is vital, and it is the first step in preventing the diabetic retinopathy. The paper first explores the existing systems and applications related to diabetic retinopathy screening, with a focus on the microaneurysm detection methods. The proposed decision support system consists of an automatic acquisition, screening and classification of diabetic retinopathy colour fundus images, which could assist in the detection and management of the diabetic retinopathy. Several feature extraction methods and the circular Hough transform have been employed in the proposed microaneurysm detection system, alongside the fuzzy histogram equalisation method. Non modifiable include the type of diabetes, age of the patient at the time of onset, duration, and genetic factors. Primarily it can be influenced by glycemic control, as well as systemic factors such as blood pressure, serum lipids. Concomitant diseases also affect diabetic retinopathy. The article also mentions the risk of rapid compensation and iatrogenic influences. View Show abstract Automatic exudate extraction for early detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Conference Paper Oct 2013 Syna Sreng Jun-ichi Takada Noppadol Maneerat Ruttikorn Varakulsiripunth Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the most common cause of blindness in diabetic patients, but early detection and timely treatment can prevent this problem. Exudates have been found to be one of the signs and serious DR anomalies so the proper detection of these lesions and the treatment should be done immediately to prevent loss of vision. The aim of this study is to automatically detect these lesions in fundus images. To achieve this goal, the proposed method first preprocesses to improve the quality of fundus image, and then Optic Disc (OD) is detected and eliminated to prevent the interference to the result of exudate detection by combination of 3 methods; image binarization, Region Of Interest (ROI) based segmentation and Morphological Reconstruction (MR). Next, exudates are detected by applying the maximum entropy thresholding to filter out the bright pixels from the result of OD region eliminated. Since the result contains some noises which appear as bright light at the edge of fundus area in some images, that affect is considered and eliminated to improve the result of false positive. Finally, exudates are extracted by using MR. The proposed technique has been tested on 100 fundus images from hospital. Experimental results show that 91 of exudate is extracted correctly with the average process of 3.92 second per image. View Show abstract Qual e o papel da vitrectomia na retinopatia diabetica. These exudates are the major cause of loss of sight or blindness in people having diabetic retinopathy. Diagnosis of hard exudates requires considerable time and effort of an ophthalmologist. In this paper a referral system for the hard exudates in the eye-fundus images has been presented. The proposed referral system works by combining different techniques like Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), K-means Clustering, Visual Dictionaries and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The system was also tested with Back Propagation Neural Network as a classifier. To test the performance of the system four fundus image databases were used. One publicly available image database was used to compare the performance of the system to the existing systems. To test the general performance of the system when the images are taken under different conditions and come from different sources, three other fundus image databases were mixed. The evaluation of the system was also performed on different sizes of the visual dictionaries. View Show abstract Practical Diabetes Care, Third Edition Article Feb 2011 David Levy This new and completely revised third edition is a concise, systematic and highly practical guide to the care of patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Clinically and problem-based, it covers emergency, inpatient and ambulatory diabetes care in the hospital and community, focusing particularly on difficult, grey and contentious areas of management, and seeks to guide advanced practitioners through problems that are not always emphasised. Up to date clinical trial results have been incorporated, as well as concise discussions of lifestyle approaches to diabetes management, and it includes a new chapter on psychological problems in diabetes. It is now fully referenced with PubMed PMID numbers and all HbA1c measurements are quoted in DCCT and IFCC units. It will be valuable for foundation year and specialist trainees in general medicine, diabetes and endocrinology; community and hospital diabetes specialist nurses and nurse practitioners; hospital-based ward staff in specialist and non-diabetes-specialist departments, especially cardiology and emergency medicine; and general practice diabetes leads and general practitioners with a specialist diabetes interest. It will be equally valuable for hands-on reference use in the clinical situation, and for clinicians in hospital medicine and general practice studying for postgraduate diplomas and examinations. View Show abstract Automatic Retinal Image Analysis for the Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Chapter Jan 2018 Prasanna Porwal Samiksha Pachade Manesh Kokare Vivek Sahasrabuddhe Diabetic Retinopathy, a condition in the person affected by diabetes, is most common cause of blindness in the world. Recent research has given a better understanding of requirement in clinical eye care practice to identify better and cheaper ways of identification, management, diagnosis and treatment of retinal disease. The importance of diabetic retinopathy screening programs and difficulty in achieving reliable early diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy at a reasonable cost needs attention to develop computer-aided diagnosis tool. Computer aided disease diagnosis in retinal image analysis could ease mass screening of population with diabetes mellitus and help clinicians in utilizing their time more efficiently. The recent technological advances in computing power, communication systems, and machine learning techniques provide opportunities to the biomedical engineers and computer scientists to meet the requirements of clinical practice. With proper self-care, management, and medical professional support, individuals with diabetes can live a healthy and long life. View Show abstract Automatic Detection of Microaneurysms for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Using Fuzzy Image Processing Chapter Jan 2015 Sarni Suhaila Rahim Vasile Palade James Shuttleworth Raja Norliza Raja Omar Fuzzy image processing was proven to help improve the image quality for both medical and non-medical images. This paper presents a fuzzy techniques-based eye screening system for the detection of one of the most important visible signs of diabetic retinopathy; microaneurysms, small red spot on the retina with sharp margins. The proposed ophthalmic decision support system consists of an automatic acquisition, screening and classification of eye fundus images, which can assist in the diagnosis of the diabetic retinopathy. The developed system contains four main parts, namely the image acquisition, the image preprocessing with fuzzy techniques, the microaneurysms localisation and detection, and finally the image classification. The fuzzy image processing approach provides better results in the detection of microaneurysms. View Show abstract Diabetes and the Eye Chapter Feb 2011 David Levy IntroductionRetinopathy in type 1 diabetesRetinopathy in type 2 diabetesClassification of retinopathyNon-proliferative diabetic retinopathyPre-proliferative retinopathyProliferative retinopathyMaculopathyAdvanced diabetic eye diseaseCataractRetinal vascular occlusionsNew developmentsReferencesFurther reading View Show abstract Recognition of Eye Characteristics Chapter Full-text available Aug 2018 Martin Drahansky View Image Processing and Machine Learning Techniques for Diabetic Retinopathy Detection: A Review Chapter Jun 2020 Sarni Suhaila Rahim Vasile Palade Andreas Holzinger An effective automatic diagnosis and grading of diabetic retinopathy would be very useful in the management of the diabetic retinopathy within the national health system. The detection of the presence of diabetic retinopathy features in the eyes is a challenging problem. Therefore, highly efficient and accurate image processing and machine learning techniques must be used in order to produce an effective automatic diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy. This chapter presents an up-to-date review on diabetic retinopathy detection systems that implement a variety of image processing techniques, including fuzzy image processing, along various machine learning techniques used for feature extraction and classification. Some background on diabetic retinopathy, with a focus on the diabetic retinopathy features and the diabetic retinopathy screening process, is included for better understanding. The chapter also highlights the available public databases, containing eye fundus images, which can be currently used in the diabetic retinopathy research.