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apple manual airport expressMercedes-Benz unveiled the W140 S-Class at Geneva Motor Show in March 1991 with sales launch in April 1991 and North American launch in August 1991. As with each generation of S-Class, a plethora of innovations in technology, climate protection, and creature comfort was introduced. Those innovations later trickled down to smaller C-Class and E-Class models over time. The standard wheelbase, SE, and long wheelbase, SEL, along with coupe version, SEC, was renamed in 1993 as part of the corporate-wide nomenclature changes for 1994 model year onward, becoming S only regardless of wheelbase length or body style as well as fuel type. In 1996, the S-Class coupe was renamed again as CL-Class and split off to its own model range.Several different design proposals were studied from 1982 until 1986, when a definitive design proposal by Olivier Boulay was selected on 9 December 1986. Several engineering prototypes were evaluated from early 1987, with the final exterior design locked in September 1987. The W140 became the second model after the R129 (1989-2001) to have this extruded metal grille.This surprise announcement forced Mercedes-Benz to delay the introduction of the W140 by eighteen months to 1991. The delay allowed Mercedes-Benz to develop the new V12 engine and to rearrange the engine bay to accommodate the garguntan V12 engine along with upgrading the brake system. The final development prototypes were completed in June 1990, with pilot production models being built from June 1990 to January 1991. Mercedes-Benz had a small fleet of 85 W140 prototypes with V16 engines.In 1996, S-Class coupe was renamed as CL-Class and spun off from S-Class. A longer Pullman version with 4140 mm wheelbase was introduced in 1995 with two engine choices (S 500 Pullman and S 600 Pullman). The S 600 Pullman could be ordered with armour package.This was a Mercedes developed system, which has since been licensed to other manufacturers.
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This form of window glazing allowed for improved soundproofing, reduced condensation, and other insulation benefits. These rods extended from the rear corners of the trunk lid when in reverse, providing the driver with a guideline for rear maneuvers. In 1995, this system was replaced by the sonar-based Parktronic system which measured the distance of the bumpers to nearby obstacles. Later models also included Rain-sensing windshield wipers. Later models also included auto-dimming driver's side mirror. Four-zone climate control on LWB models. V12 models also have the four-place seating option, which allows fully adjustable rear seats, lumbar support and rear sunshade control.It featured CD-ROM maps and full color navigation display in the center dashboard. The DOHC, four valves per cylinder, and variable valve timing helped increase the horsepower and torque figures without heavy fuel consumption penalty while reducing the emission. All petrol engines have catalysators during the entire W140 model run regardless of where they were sold.The smaller 2.8-litre M 104.94x engine was fitted to 300 SE 2.8 (one year only) then S 280 (1994-1998).In 1994, AMG developed a 6.0-litre version (M 119 E 60) with 279 kW (379 PS; 374 bhp) and 580 N?m (428 lb?ft) in a very limited production for Japanese market.In 1993, the V12 was slightly detuned to 290 kW (394 PS; 389 bhp) for lower emission control.This engine was replaced in 1996 by all-new 24-valve OM 606.961 ERE engine. This engine was loosely derived from M 104 petrol engine with different crankshaft and cylinder head. The smaller engine fitted to S 300 TURBODIESEL put out 130 kW (177 PS; 174 hp) and 330 N?m (243 lb?ft). The fuel was delivered indirectly in the precombustion chamber before entering the combustion chamber.The transmission choices at the introduction was 5-speed manual and 4-speed 4G-Tronic automatic. A new 5-speed 5G-Tronic was introduced in 1994 for inline 6 petrol engines only. In September 1995, 5G-Tronic was updated with electronic control for more optimal shifting points based on the sensor readings and became the sole automatic transmission option for the entire model range from 1996 to 1998.In June 1996, both 4-speed and 5-speed automatic transmissions were replaced by 5-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission. S 300 TURBODIESEL, introduced in 1996, received the 5-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission.On September 1995, the 4-speed automatic transmission was replaced by 5-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission.W140's successor, W220, became the first S-Class to have 4MATIC as extra-cost option.Delius Klasing. ISBN 978-3768815956. Retrieved 26 November 2019. Retrieved 2014-11-11. CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) CL-Class press kit Illustrated Buyer's Guide Mercedes-Benz. Motorbooks International Illustrated Buyer's Guide series (2nd ed.). Osceola, WI, USA: MBI Publishing.Road Test Portfolio Series. Cobham, Surrey, UK: Brooklands Books.Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3613021692. (in German) Mercedes-Benz S-Class: The brochures since 1952. Archive edition of the DaimlerChrysler Group Archive. Bielefeld, Germany: Delius Klasing.Archive edition of the DaimlerChrysler Group Archive. Bielefeld, Germany: Delius Klasing.Augsburg: Bechtermunz Verlag.Konigswinter, Germany: Heel. ISBN 3898804194. (in German) Typenkompass series (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag.Mercedes-Benz Buyer's Guide: Roadsters, Coupes, and Convertibles. St. Paul, MN, USA: MBI Publishing.Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3613025965. (in German) Hockley, Essex, UK: Unique Motor Books.Konigswinter, Germany: Heel. ISBN 3893652345. (in German) Konigswinter, Germany: Heel. ISBN 3898801586. (in German) Mercedes (revised ed.). Konigswinter, Germany: Ullmann Publishing.Mercedes-Benz: Cars of the 1990s. Crowood AutoClassic Series.Mercedes-Benz S-Class 1972-2013. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press.http://www.statcardsports.com/node/11740Stuttgart: DaimlerChrysler-AG, Global Service. ISBN 3932786149. (in German) Cambridge, MA, USA: Bentley Publishers. 2005. ISBN 9780837610337. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.In some markets (depending on the manufacturer), short wheelbase models are excluded completely, and only long wheelbase variants are sold.Before the debut of luxury orientated Japanese manufacturers such as Lexus or Infiniti, most flagship models were limited for Japan only. Examples included the Toyota Century and Nissan President. More recent F-segment cars from South Korea include the Genesis G90.The W108 was replaced by the Mercedes-Benz S-Class in 1972, which has been produced for six generations and remains in production today.The 420G was replaced by the Jaguar XJ in 1968, which has been produced for four generations and remains in production today. The E3 was replaced by the BMW 7 Series in 1978, which has been produced for six generations and remains in production today.The Audi V8 was replaced by the Audi A8 in 1994, which has been produced for four generations and remains in production today.By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Mercedes-Benz unveiled the W140 S-Class at Geneva Motor Show in March 1991 with sales launch in April 1991 and North American launch in August 1991. As with each generation of S-Class, a plethora of innovations in technology, climate protection, and creature comfort was introduced. Those innovations later trickled down to smaller C-Class and E-Class models over time. The standard wheelbase, SE, and long wheelbase, SEL, along with coupe version, SEC, was renamed in 1993 as part of the corporate-wide nomenclature changes for 1994 model year onward, becoming S only regardless of wheelbase length or body style as well as fuel type. In 1996, the S-Class coupe was renamed again as CL-Class and split off to its own model range.Several different design proposals were studied from 1982 until 1986, when a definitive design proposal by Olivier Boulay was selected on 9 December 1986. Several engineering prototypes were evaluated from early 1987, with the final exterior design locked in September 1987. The W140 became the second model after the R129 (1989-2001) to have this extruded metal grille.This surprise announcement forced Mercedes-Benz to delay the introduction of the W140 by eighteen months to 1991. The delay allowed Mercedes-Benz to develop the new V12 engine and to rearrange the engine bay to accommodate the garguntan V12 engine along with upgrading the brake system. The final development prototypes were completed in June 1990, with pilot production models being built from June 1990 to January 1991. Mercedes-Benz had a small fleet of 85 W140 prototypes with V16 engines.In 1996, S-Class coupe was renamed as CL-Class and spun off from S-Class. A longer Pullman version with 4140 mm wheelbase was introduced in 1995 with two engine choices (S 500 Pullman and S 600 Pullman). The S 600 Pullman could be ordered with armour package.This was a Mercedes developed system, which has since been licensed to other manufacturers. This form of window glazing allowed for improved soundproofing, reduced condensation, and other insulation benefits. These rods extended from the rear corners of the trunk lid when in reverse, providing the driver with a guideline for rear maneuvers. In 1995, this system was replaced by the sonar-based Parktronic system which measured the distance of the bumpers to nearby obstacles. Later models also included Rain-sensing windshield wipers. Later models also included auto-dimming driver's side mirror. Four-zone climate control on LWB models. V12 models also have the four-place seating option, which allows fully adjustable rear seats, lumbar support and rear sunshade control.It featured CD-ROM maps and full color navigation display in the center dashboard. The DOHC, four valves per cylinder, and variable valve timing helped increase the horsepower and torque figures without heavy fuel consumption penalty while reducing the emission. All petrol engines have catalysators during the entire W140 model run regardless of where they were sold.The smaller 2.8-litre M 104.94x engine was fitted to 300 SE 2.8 (one year only) then S 280 (1994-1998).In 1994, AMG developed a 6.0-litre version (M 119 E 60) with 279 kW (379 PS; 374 bhp) and 580 N?m (428 lb?ft) in a very limited production for Japanese market.In 1993, the V12 was slightly detuned to 290 kW (394 PS; 389 bhp) for lower emission control.This engine was replaced in 1996 by all-new 24-valve OM 606.961 ERE engine. This engine was loosely derived from M 104 petrol engine with different crankshaft and cylinder head. The smaller engine fitted to S 300 TURBODIESEL put out 130 kW (177 PS; 174 hp) and 330 N?m (243 lb?ft). The fuel was delivered indirectly in the precombustion chamber before entering the combustion chamber.The transmission choices at the introduction was 5-speed manual and 4-speed 4G-Tronic automatic. A new 5-speed 5G-Tronic was introduced in 1994 for inline 6 petrol engines only. In September 1995, 5G-Tronic was updated with electronic control for more optimal shifting points based on the sensor readings and became the sole automatic transmission option for the entire model range from 1996 to 1998.In June 1996, both 4-speed and 5-speed automatic transmissions were replaced by 5-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission. S 300 TURBODIESEL, introduced in 1996, received the 5-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission.On September 1995, the 4-speed automatic transmission was replaced by 5-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission.W140's successor, W220, became the first S-Class to have 4MATIC as extra-cost option.Delius Klasing. ISBN 978-3768815956. Retrieved 26 November 2019. Retrieved 2014-11-11. CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) CL-Class press kit Illustrated Buyer's Guide Mercedes-Benz. Motorbooks International Illustrated Buyer's Guide series (2nd ed.). Osceola, WI, USA: MBI Publishing.Road Test Portfolio Series. Cobham, Surrey, UK: Brooklands Books.Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3613021692. (in German) Mercedes-Benz S-Class: The brochures since 1952. Archive edition of the DaimlerChrysler Group Archive. Bielefeld, Germany: Delius Klasing.Archive edition of the DaimlerChrysler Group Archive. Bielefeld, Germany: Delius Klasing.Augsburg: Bechtermunz Verlag.Konigswinter, Germany: Heel. ISBN 3898804194. (in German) Typenkompass series (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag.Mercedes-Benz Buyer's Guide: Roadsters, Coupes, and Convertibles. St. Paul, MN, USA: MBI Publishing.Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3613025965. (in German) Hockley, Essex, UK: Unique Motor Books.Konigswinter, Germany: Heel. ISBN 3893652345. (in German) Konigswinter, Germany: Heel. ISBN 3898801586. (in German) Mercedes (revised ed.). Konigswinter, Germany: Ullmann Publishing.Mercedes-Benz: Cars of the 1990s. Crowood AutoClassic Series.Mercedes-Benz S-Class 1972-2013. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press.Stuttgart: DaimlerChrysler-AG, Global Service. ISBN 3932786149. (in German) Cambridge, MA, USA: Bentley Publishers. 2005. ISBN 9780837610337. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Mercedes-Benz unveiled the W140 S-Class at Geneva Motor Show in March 1991 with sales launch in April 1991 and North American launch in August 1991. As with each generation of S-Class, a plethora of innovations in technology, climate protection, and creature comfort was introduced. Those innovations later trickled down to smaller C-Class and E-Class models over time. The standard wheelbase, SE, and long wheelbase, SEL, along with coupe version, SEC, was renamed in 1993 as part of the corporate-wide nomenclature changes for 1994 model year onward, becoming S only regardless of wheelbase length or body style as well as fuel type. In 1996, the S-Class coupe was renamed again as CL-Class and split off to its own model range.Several different design proposals were studied from 1982 until 1986, when a definitive design proposal by Olivier Boulay was selected on 9 December 1986. Several engineering prototypes were evaluated from early 1987, with the final exterior design locked in September 1987. The W140 became the second model after the R129 (1989-2001) to have this extruded metal grille.This surprise announcement forced Mercedes-Benz to delay the introduction of the W140 by eighteen months to 1991. The delay allowed Mercedes-Benz to develop the new V12 engine and to rearrange the engine bay to accommodate the garguntan V12 engine along with upgrading the brake system. The final development prototypes were completed in June 1990, with pilot production models being built from June 1990 to January 1991. Mercedes-Benz had a small fleet of 85 W140 prototypes with V16 engines.In 1996, S-Class coupe was renamed as CL-Class and spun off from S-Class. A longer Pullman version with 4140 mm wheelbase was introduced in 1995 with two engine choices (S 500 Pullman and S 600 Pullman). The S 600 Pullman could be ordered with armour package.This was a Mercedes developed system, which has since been licensed to other manufacturers. This form of window glazing allowed for improved soundproofing, reduced condensation, and other insulation benefits. These rods extended from the rear corners of the trunk lid when in reverse, providing the driver with a guideline for rear maneuvers. In 1995, this system was replaced by the sonar-based Parktronic system which measured the distance of the bumpers to nearby obstacles. Later models also included Rain-sensing windshield wipers. Later models also included auto-dimming driver's side mirror. Four-zone climate control on LWB models. V12 models also have the four-place seating option, which allows fully adjustable rear seats, lumbar support and rear sunshade control.It featured CD-ROM maps and full color navigation display in the center dashboard. The DOHC, four valves per cylinder, and variable valve timing helped increase the horsepower and torque figures without heavy fuel consumption penalty while reducing the emission. All petrol engines have catalysators during the entire W140 model run regardless of where they were sold.The smaller 2.8-litre M 104.94x engine was fitted to 300 SE 2.8 (one year only) then S 280 (1994-1998).In 1994, AMG developed a 6.0-litre version (M 119 E 60) with 279 kW (379 PS; 374 bhp) and 580 N?m (428 lb?ft) in a very limited production for Japanese market.In 1993, the V12 was slightly detuned to 290 kW (394 PS; 389 bhp) for lower emission control.This engine was replaced in 1996 by all-new 24-valve OM 606.961 ERE engine. This engine was loosely derived from M 104 petrol engine with different crankshaft and cylinder head. The smaller engine fitted to S 300 TURBODIESEL put out 130 kW (177 PS; 174 hp) and 330 N?m (243 lb?ft). The fuel was delivered indirectly in the precombustion chamber before entering the combustion chamber.The transmission choices at the introduction was 5-speed manual and 4-speed 4G-Tronic automatic. A new 5-speed 5G-Tronic was introduced in 1994 for inline 6 petrol engines only. In September 1995, 5G-Tronic was updated with electronic control for more optimal shifting points based on the sensor readings and became the sole automatic transmission option for the entire model range from 1996 to 1998.In June 1996, both 4-speed and 5-speed automatic transmissions were replaced by 5-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission. S 300 TURBODIESEL, introduced in 1996, received the 5-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission.On September 1995, the 4-speed automatic transmission was replaced by 5-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission.W140's successor, W220, became the first S-Class to have 4MATIC as extra-cost option.Delius Klasing. ISBN 978-3768815956. Retrieved 26 November 2019. Retrieved 2014-11-11. CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) CL-Class press kit Illustrated Buyer's Guide Mercedes-Benz. Motorbooks International Illustrated Buyer's Guide series (2nd ed.). Osceola, WI, USA: MBI Publishing.Road Test Portfolio Series. Cobham, Surrey, UK: Brooklands Books.Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3613021692. (in German) Mercedes-Benz S-Class: The brochures since 1952. Archive edition of the DaimlerChrysler Group Archive. Bielefeld, Germany: Delius Klasing.Archive edition of the DaimlerChrysler Group Archive. Bielefeld, Germany: Delius Klasing.Augsburg: Bechtermunz Verlag.Konigswinter, Germany: Heel. ISBN 3898804194. (in German) Typenkompass series (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag.Mercedes-Benz Buyer's Guide: Roadsters, Coupes, and Convertibles. St. Paul, MN, USA: MBI Publishing.Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3613025965. (in German) Hockley, Essex, UK: Unique Motor Books.Konigswinter, Germany: Heel. ISBN 3893652345. (in German) Konigswinter, Germany: Heel. ISBN 3898801586. (in German) Mercedes (revised ed.). Konigswinter, Germany: Ullmann Publishing.Mercedes-Benz: Cars of the 1990s. Crowood AutoClassic Series.Mercedes-Benz S-Class 1972-2013. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press.Stuttgart: DaimlerChrysler-AG, Global Service. ISBN 3932786149. (in German) Cambridge, MA, USA: Bentley Publishers. 2005. ISBN 9780837610337. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Mercedes-Benz unveiled the W140 S-Class at Geneva Motor Show in March 1991 with sales launch in April 1991 and North American launch in August 1991. As with each generation of S-Class, a plethora of innovations in technology, climate protection, and creature comfort was introduced. Those innovations later trickled down to smaller C-Class and E-Class models over time. The standard wheelbase, SE, and long wheelbase, SEL, along with coupe version, SEC, was renamed in 1993 as part of the corporate-wide nomenclature changes for 1994 model year onward, becoming S only regardless of wheelbase length or body style as well as fuel type. In 1996, the S-Class coupe was renamed again as CL-Class and split off to its own model range.Several different design proposals were studied from 1982 until 1986, when a definitive design proposal by Olivier Boulay was selected on 9 December 1986. Several engineering prototypes were evaluated from early 1987, with the final exterior design locked in September 1987. The W140 became the second model after the R129 (1989-2001) to have this extruded metal grille.This surprise announcement forced Mercedes-Benz to delay the introduction of the W140 by eighteen months to 1991. The delay allowed Mercedes-Benz to develop the new V12 engine and to rearrange the engine bay to accommodate the garguntan V12 engine along with upgrading the brake system. The final development prototypes were completed in June 1990, with pilot production models being built from June 1990 to January 1991. Mercedes-Benz had a small fleet of 85 W140 prototypes with V16 engines.In 1996, S-Class coupe was renamed as CL-Class and spun off from S-Class. A longer Pullman version with 4140 mm wheelbase was introduced in 1995 with two engine choices (S 500 Pullman and S 600 Pullman). The S 600 Pullman could be ordered with armour package.This was a Mercedes developed system, which has since been licensed to other manufacturers. This form of window glazing allowed for improved soundproofing, reduced condensation, and other insulation benefits. These rods extended from the rear corners of the trunk lid when in reverse, providing the driver with a guideline for rear maneuvers. In 1995, this system was replaced by the sonar-based Parktronic system which measured the distance of the bumpers to nearby obstacles. Later models also included Rain-sensing windshield wipers. Later models also included auto-dimming driver's side mirror. Four-zone climate control on LWB models. V12 models also have the four-place seating option, which allows fully adjustable rear seats, lumbar support and rear sunshade control.It featured CD-ROM maps and full color navigation display in the center dashboard. The DOHC, four valves per cylinder, and variable valve timing helped increase the horsepower and torque figures without heavy fuel consumption penalty while reducing the emission. All petrol engines have catalysators during the entire W140 model run regardless of where they were sold.The smaller 2.8-litre M 104.94x engine was fitted to 300 SE 2.8 (one year only) then S 280 (1994-1998).In 1994, AMG developed a 6.0-litre version (M 119 E 60) with 279 kW (379 PS; 374 bhp) and 580 N?m (428 lb?ft) in a very limited production for Japanese market.In 1993, the V12 was slightly detuned to 290 kW (394 PS; 389 bhp) for lower emission control.This engine was replaced in 1996 by all-new 24-valve OM 606.961 ERE engine. This engine was loosely derived from M 104 petrol engine with different crankshaft and cylinder head. The smaller engine fitted to S 300 TURBODIESEL put out 130 kW (177 PS; 174 hp) and 330 N?m (243 lb?ft). The fuel was delivered indirectly in the precombustion chamber before entering the combustion chamber.The transmission choices at the introduction was 5-speed manual and 4-speed 4G-Tronic automatic. A new 5-speed 5G-Tronic was introduced in 1994 for inline 6 petrol engines only. In September 1995, 5G-Tronic was updated with electronic control for more optimal shifting points based on the sensor readings and became the sole automatic transmission option for the entire model range from 1996 to 1998.In June 1996, both 4-speed and 5-speed automatic transmissions were replaced by 5-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission. S 300 TURBODIESEL, introduced in 1996, received the 5-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission.On September 1995, the 4-speed automatic transmission was replaced by 5-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission.W140's successor, W220, became the first S-Class to have 4MATIC as extra-cost option.Delius Klasing. ISBN 978-3768815956. Retrieved 26 November 2019. Retrieved 2014-11-11. CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) CL-Class press kit Illustrated Buyer's Guide Mercedes-Benz. Motorbooks International Illustrated Buyer's Guide series (2nd ed.). Osceola, WI, USA: MBI Publishing.Road Test Portfolio Series. Cobham, Surrey, UK: Brooklands Books.Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3613021692. (in German) Mercedes-Benz S-Class: The brochures since 1952. Archive edition of the DaimlerChrysler Group Archive. Bielefeld, Germany: Delius Klasing.Archive edition of the DaimlerChrysler Group Archive. Bielefeld, Germany: Delius Klasing.Augsburg: Bechtermunz Verlag.Konigswinter, Germany: Heel. ISBN 3898804194. (in German) Typenkompass series (in German). Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag.Mercedes-Benz Buyer's Guide: Roadsters, Coupes, and Convertibles. St. Paul, MN, USA: MBI Publishing.Stuttgart: Motorbuch Verlag. ISBN 3613025965. (in German) Hockley, Essex, UK: Unique Motor Books.Konigswinter, Germany: Heel. ISBN 3893652345. (in German) Konigswinter, Germany: Heel. ISBN 3898801586. (in German) Mercedes (revised ed.). Konigswinter, Germany: Ullmann Publishing.Mercedes-Benz: Cars of the 1990s. Crowood AutoClassic Series.Mercedes-Benz S-Class 1972-2013. Ramsbury, Marlborough, UK: The Crowood Press.Stuttgart: DaimlerChrysler-AG, Global Service. ISBN 3932786149. (in German) Cambridge, MA, USA: Bentley Publishers. 2005. ISBN 9780837610337. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Mercedes-Benz unveiled the W140 S-Class at Geneva Motor Show in March 1991 with sales launch in April 1991 and North American launch in August 1991. As with each generation of S-Class, a plethora of innovations in technology, climate protection, and creature comfort was introduced. Those innovations later trickled down to smaller C-Class and E-Class models over time. The standard wheelbase, SE, and long wheelbase, SEL, along with coupe version, SEC, was renamed in 1993 as part of the corporate-wide nomenclature changes for 1994 model year onward, becoming S only regardless of wheelbase length or body style as well as fuel type. In 1996, the S-Class coupe was renamed again as CL-Class and split off to its own model range.Several different design proposals were studied from 1982 until 1986, when a definitive design proposal by Olivier Boulay was selected on 9 December 1986. Several engineering prototypes were evaluated from early 1987, with the final exterior design locked in September 1987. The W140 became the second model after the R129 (1989-2001) to have this extruded metal grille.This surprise announcement forced Mercedes-Benz to delay the introduction of the W140 by eighteen months to 1991. The delay allowed Mercedes-Benz to develop the new V12 engine and to rearrange the engine bay to accommodate the garguntan V12 engine along with upgrading the brake system. The final development prototypes were completed in June 1990, with pilot production models being built from June 1990 to January 1991. Mercedes-Benz had a small fleet of 85 W140 prototypes with V16 engines.In 1996, S-Class coupe was renamed as CL-Class and spun off from S-Class. A longer Pullman version with 4140 mm wheelbase was introduced in 1995 with two engine choices (S 500 Pullman and S 600 Pullman). The S 600 Pullman could be ordered with armour package.This was a Mercedes developed system, which has since been licensed to other manufacturers. This form of window glazing allowed for improved soundproofing, reduced condensation, and other insulation benefits. These rods extended from the rear corners of the trunk lid when in reverse, providing the driver with a guideline for rear maneuvers. In 1995, this system was replaced by the sonar-based Parktronic system which measured the distance of the bumpers to nearby obstacles. Later models also included Rain-sensing windshield wipers. Later models also included auto-dimming driver's side mirror. Four-zone climate control on LWB models. V12 models also have the four-place seating option, which allows fully adjustable rear seats, lumbar support and rear sunshade control.It featured CD-ROM maps and full color navigation display in the center dashboard. The DOHC, four valves per cylinder, and variable valve timing helped increase the horsepower and torque figures without heavy fuel consumption penalty while reducing the emission. All petrol engines have catalysators during the entire W140 model run regardless of where they were sold.The smaller 2.8-litre M 104.94x engine was fitted to 300 SE 2.8 (one year only) then S 280 (1994-1998).In 1994, AMG developed a 6.0-litre version (M 119 E 60) with 279 kW (379 PS; 374 bhp) and 580 N?m (428 lb?ft) in a very limited production for Japanese market.In 1993, the V12 was slightly detuned to 290 kW (394 PS; 389 bhp) for lower emission control.This engine was replaced in 1996 by all-new 24-valve OM 606.961 ERE engine. This engine was loosely derived from M 104 petrol engine with different crankshaft and cylinder head. The smaller engine fitted to S 300 TURBODIESEL put out 130 kW (177 PS; 174 hp) and 330 N?m (243 lb?ft).