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hyundai galloper exceed manualIt was available in a three-door (SWB, as well as in the body of Innovation) and five-door bodies (LWB, Exceed).The model was equipped with a gasoline engine G6AT volume of 3 liters.Under the hood of the petrol models, the same G6AT was placed, another D4BH model was added to the diesel family, differing from the D4BF with the intercooler and the electronic fuel injection control system (EFI). We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.The process differs from a diesel engine in the method of mixing the fuel and air, and in using spark plugs to initiate the combustion process. In a diesel engine, only air is compressed (and therefore heated), and the fuel is injected into very hot air at the end of the compression stroke, and self-ignites.Because of the difference in burn rates between the two different fuels, petrol engines are mechanically designed with different timing than diesels, so to auto-ignite a petrol engine causes the expansion of gas inside the cylinder to reach its greatest point before the cylinder has reached the top dead center (TDC) position. Spark plugs are typically set statically or at idle at a minimum of 10 degrees or so of crankshaft rotation before the piston reaches TDC, but at much higher values at higher engine speeds to allow time for the fuel-air charge to substantially complete combustion before too much expansion has occurred - gas expansion occurring with the piston moving down in the power stroke. Higher octane petrol burns slower, therefore it has a lower propensity to auto-ignite and its rate of expansion is lower. Thus, engines designed to run high-octane fuel exclusively can achieve higher compression ratios (CRs).http://www.anieliasfx.com/uploads/textareas/dome-wine-fridge-user-manual.xml
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However, the lower compression ratios of petrol engines give petrol engines lower efficiency than diesel engines.For details of working cycles see:Flat 6s are still used in many modern Porsches, as well as Subarus. Many flat engines are air-cooled. Less common, but notable in vehicles designed for high speeds is the W formation, similar to having 2 V engines side by side. Alternatives include rotary and radial engines the latter typically have 7 or 9 cylinders in a single ring, or 10 or 14 cylinders in two rings.The coolant was formerly water, but is now usually a mixture of water and either ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. These mixtures have lower freezing points and higher boiling points than pure water and also prevent corrosion, with modern antifreezes also containing lubricants and other additives to protect water pump seals and bearings. The cooling system is usually slightly pressurized to further raise the boiling point of the coolant.In modern car engines the ignition timing is managed by an electronic Engine Control Unit.For accuracy, it is important to understand what is meant by usable and complete. For example, for a car engine, apart from friction and thermodynamic losses inside the engine, power is absorbed by the water pump, alternator, and radiator fan, thus reducing the power available at the flywheel to move the car along. Power is also absorbed by the power steering pump and air conditioner's compressor (if fitted), but these are not installed during a power output test or calculation. Power output varies slightly according to the energy value of the fuel, the ambient air temperature and humidity, and the altitude. Marine engines, as supplied, usually have no radiator fan, and often no alternator. In such cases the quoted power rating does not allow for losses in the radiator fan and alternator.http://www.czx318.com/upfile/16057965181849127378.xml The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) in the US, and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in Europe, publish standards on exact procedures, and how to apply corrections for non-standard conditions such as altitude above sea level.By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. This contrasts with engines using spark plug -ignition of the air-fuel mixture, such as a petrol engine ( gasoline engine) or a gas engine (using a gaseous fuel like natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas ).This increases the air temperature inside the cylinder to such a high degree that atomised diesel fuel injected into the combustion chamber ignites spontaneously. With the fuel being injected into the air just before combustion, the dispersion of the fuel is uneven; this is called a heterogeneous air-fuel mixture. The torque a diesel engine produces is controlled by manipulating the air-fuel ratio (?); instead of throttling the intake air, the diesel engine relies on altering the amount of fuel that is injected, and the air-fuel ratio is usually high.They were originally used as a more efficient replacement for stationary steam engines. Since the 1910s, they have been used in submarines and ships. Use in locomotives, trucks, heavy equipment and electricity generation plants followed later. In the 1930s, they slowly began to be used in a few automobiles. Since the 1970s, the use of diesel engines in larger on-road and off-road vehicles in the US has increased.It is a modification of the first experimental engine. Diesel's idea was to compress the air so tightly that the temperature of the air would exceed that of combustion.Notice that there is no longer a mention of compression temperatures exceeding the temperature of combustion. Now it is simply stated that the compression must be sufficient to trigger ignition.Critics have claimed that Diesel never invented a new motor and that the invention of the diesel engine is fraud.http://gbb.global/blog/bosch-logixx-8-manual-nr0On 10 August 1893, the first ignition took place, the fuel used was petrol. Between 8 November and 20 December 1895, the second prototype had successfully covered over 111 hours on the test bench.Its engine is an Otto engine modified to use the diesel principle and Bosch's injection pump.By the outbreak of World War II, over 900 examples are produced.The car, called 320d, is powered by a 2-litre, straight-four diesel engine with direct injection and a helix-controlled distributor injection pump (Bosch VP 44), producing 180 kW.The horizontal axis is volume of the cylinder. In the diesel cycle the combustion occurs at almost constant pressure. On this diagram the work that is generated for each cycle corresponds to the area within the loop. The air is then compressed with a compression ratio typically between 15:1 and 23:1. This high compression causes the temperature of the air to rise. At about the top of the compression stroke, fuel is injected directly into the compressed air in the combustion chamber. This may be into a (typically toroidal ) void in the top of the piston or a pre-chamber depending upon the design of the engine. The fuel injector ensures that the fuel is broken down into small droplets, and that the fuel is distributed evenly. The heat of the compressed air vaporises fuel from the surface of the droplets. The vapour is then ignited by the heat from the compressed air in the combustion chamber, the droplets continue to vaporise from their surfaces and burn, getting smaller, until all the fuel in the droplets has been burnt. Combustion occurs at a substantially constant pressure during the initial part of the power stroke. The start of vaporisation causes a delay before ignition and the characteristic diesel knocking sound as the vapour reaches ignition temperature and causes an abrupt increase in pressure above the piston (not shown on the P-V indicator diagram).http://granit-gabro.com/images/bunn-sh-server-manual.pdf When combustion is complete the combustion gases expand as the piston descends further; the high pressure in the cylinder drives the piston downward, supplying power to the crankshaft.Increasing the compression ratio in a spark-ignition engine where fuel and air are mixed before entry to the cylinder is limited by the need to prevent pre-ignition, which would cause engine damage. Since only air is compressed in a diesel engine, and fuel is not introduced into the cylinder until shortly before top dead centre ( TDC ), premature detonation is not a problem and compression ratios are much higher. Starting at 1, the piston is at bottom dead centre and both valves are closed at the start of the compression stroke; the cylinder contains air at atmospheric pressure. At or slightly before 2 (TDC) fuel is injected and burns in the compressed hot air. Chemical energy is released and this constitutes an injection of thermal energy (heat) into the compressed gas. Combustion and heating occur between 2 and 3. In this interval the pressure remains constant since the piston descends, and the volume increases; the temperature rises as a consequence of the energy of combustion. At 3 fuel injection and combustion are complete, and the cylinder contains gas at a higher temperature than at 2. Between 3 and 4 this hot gas expands, again approximately adiabatically. Work is done on the system to which the engine is connected. During this expansion phase the volume of the gas rises, and its temperature and pressure both fall. At 4 the exhaust valve opens, and the pressure falls abruptly to atmospheric (approximately). This is unresisted expansion and no useful work is done by it. After the opening of the exhaust valve, the exhaust stroke follows, but this (and the following induction stroke) are not shown on the diagram. If shown, they would be represented by a low-pressure loop at the bottom of the diagram.https://saraelv.no/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/162950dcc012c4---como-elaborar-un-manual.pdf At 1 it is assumed that the exhaust and induction strokes have been completed, and the cylinder is again filled with air. The adiabatic expansion is in a higher pressure range than that of the compression because the gas in the cylinder is hotter during expansion than during compression.Cylinder filling with atmospheric air is aided and volumetric efficiency is increased for the same reason. These advantages include:The exhaust contains minimal amounts of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. Direct injected diesel engines emit approximately as much nitrogen oxides as Otto cycle engines.For creating the fuel pressure, diesel engines usually have an injection pump. There are several different types of injection pumps and methods for creating a fine air-fuel mixture. Over the years many different injection methods have been used. These can be described as the following:This means a change of Controlling the timing of the start of injection of fuel into the cylinder is a key to minimizing emissions, and maximizing fuel economy (efficiency), of the engine. The timing is measured in degrees of crank angle of the piston before top dead centre. Optimal timing will depend on the engine design as well as its speed and load.The nozzle opening was closed by a pin valve lifted by the camshaft to initiate the fuel injection before top dead centre ( TDC ). This is called an air-blast injection.This system also allows for a smoother, quieter running engine, and because fuel mixing is assisted by turbulence, injector pressures can be lower. Most IDI systems use a single orifice injector. IDI engines are also more difficult to start and usually require the use of glow plugs. IDI engines may be cheaper to build but generally require a higher compression ratio than the DI counterpart. IDI also makes it easier to produce smooth, quieter running engines with a simple mechanical injection system since exact injection timing is not as critical.gunthermele.com/userfiles/files/colt-python-manual.pdfUsually there is a combustion cup in the top of the piston where the fuel is sprayed. Many different methods of injection can be used. These engines use injectors that are very precise spring-loaded valves that open and close at a specific fuel pressure. Separate high-pressure fuel lines connect the fuel pump with each cylinder. Fuel volume for each single combustion is controlled by a slanted groove in the plunger which rotates only a few degrees releasing the pressure and is controlled by a mechanical governor, consisting of weights rotating at engine speed constrained by springs and a lever. The injectors are held open by the fuel pressure.In this system the injector and the pump are combined into one unit positioned over each cylinder controlled by the camshaft. Each cylinder has its own unit eliminating the high-pressure fuel lines, achieving a more consistent injection. Under full load, the injection pressure can reach up to 220 MPa.A high-pressure pump supplies the CR. The requirements of each cylinder injector are supplied from this common high pressure reservoir of fuel. An Electronic Diesel Control (EDC) controls both rail pressure and injections depending on engine operating conditions.The inline-six-cylinder design is the most prolific in light- to medium-duty engines, though inline-four engines are also common. Small-capacity engines (generally considered to be those below five litres in capacity) are generally four- or six-cylinder types, with the four-cylinder being the most common type found in automotive uses.Medium speed diesel engines operate on either diesel fuel or heavy fuel oil by direct injection in the same manner as low-speed engines.Using medium-speed engines reduces the cost of smaller ships and increases their transport capacity.There are two different types of low-speed engines that are commonly used: Two-stroke engines with a crosshead, and four-stroke engines with a regular trunk-piston.https://diagonal.org.ar/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/162950dd6bd473---Como-encender-un-carro-manual.pdf Two-stroke engines have a limited rotational frequency and their charge exchange is more difficult, which means that they are usually bigger than four-stroke engines and used to directly power a ship's propeller. Four-stroke engines on ships are usually used to power an electric generator.Filling the cylinder with air and compressing it takes place in one stroke, and the power and exhaust strokes are combined. The compression in a two-stroke diesel engine is similar to the compression that takes place in a four-stroke diesel engine: As the piston passes through bottom centre and starts upward, compression commences, culminating in fuel injection and ignition. Instead of a full set of valves, two-stroke diesel engines have simple intake ports, and exhaust ports (or exhaust valves). Therefore, some sort of pump is required to blow the air into the cylinder and the combustion gasses into the exhaust. This process is called scavenging.The diesel engine fuel auto-ignites due to compression ignition, and then ignites the gaseous fuel.This means that the torque an engine produces depends on the displacement of the engine and the force that the gas pressure inside the cylinder applies to the piston, commonly referred to as effective piston pressure:The main elements of air are nitrogen (N 2 ) and oxygen (O 2 ), fuel consists of hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon (C). Burning the fuel will result in the final stage of oxidation. An ideal diesel engine, (a hypothetical model that we use as an example), running on an ideal air-fuel mixture, produces an exhaust that consists of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), water (H 2 O), nitrogen (N 2 ), and the remaining oxygen (O 2 ). This is achieved by using a very rich fuel to air mixture, resulting in incomplete combustion.The black smoke consists of carbon compounds that have not burned because of local low temperatures where the fuel is not fully atomized.https://www.tenniscanberra.com.au/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/162950de33071a---como-elaborar-una-manual-de-procedimientos.pdf These local low temperatures occur at the cylinder walls, and at the surface of large droplets of fuel. At these areas where it is relatively cold, the mixture is rich (contrary to the overall mixture which is lean). The rich mixture has less air to burn and some of the fuel turns into a carbon deposit. Modern car engines use a diesel particulate filter (DPF) in conjunction with a two-way catalyst to capture carbon particles and then intermittently oxidise them. This is because of the mixture formation only taking place during combustion, resulting in lambda variations.In cold weather however, some diesel engines can be difficult to start and may need preheating depending on the combustion chamber design.The simplest way this can be done is with a decompression lever. Activating the decompression lever locks the outlet valves in a slight down position, resulting in the engine not having any compression and thus allowing for turning the crankshaft over without resistance. When the crankshaft reaches a higher speed, flipping the decompression lever back into its normal position will abruptly re-activate the outlet valves, resulting in compression.The fuel then ignites due to compression heat.A turbocharged engine can produce more power than a naturally aspirated engine of the same configuration. A supercharger is powered mechanically by the engine's crankshaft, while a turbocharger is powered by the engine exhaust. Turbocharging can improve the fuel economy of diesel engines by recovering waste heat from the exhaust, increasing the excess air factor, and increasing the ratio of engine output to friction losses.In general, fuel for diesel engines should have a proper viscosity, so that the injection pump can pump the fuel to the injection nozzles without causing damage to itself or corrosion of the fuel line. At injection, the fuel should form a good fuel spray, and it should not have a coking effect upon the injection nozzles.fameyang.com/archive/upload/files/colt-python-manual-pdf To ensure proper engine starting and smooth operation, the fuel should be willing to ignite and hence not cause a high ignition delay, (this means that the fuel should have a high cetane number ).Direct-injected engines with an MAN centre sphere combustion chamber rely on fuel condensing on the combustion chamber walls. The fuel starts vaporising only after ignition sets in, and it burns relatively smoothly.Watercraft diesel engines usually operate on diesel engine fuel that conforms to the ISO 8217 standard ( Bunker C ).Also, most engines have a spill return system, by which any excess fuel from the injector pump and injectors is returned to the fuel tank. Once the engine has warmed, returning warm fuel prevents waxing in the tank.The introduction of electronically controlled fuel injection significantly improved the smooth torque generation, and starting in the early 1990s, car manufacturers began offering their high-end luxury vehicles with diesel engines.Common-rail direct injection, turbocharging and four valves per cylinder are standard. V6 and V8 engines used to be common, due to the relatively low engine mass the V configuration provides. Recently, the V configuration has been abandoned in favour of straight engines. These engines are usually straight-6 for heavy and medium duties and straight-4 for medium duty.Commonly, regular truck powerplants were used. The height of these engines had to be less than 1,000 mm to allow underfloor installation. Usually, the engine was mated with a pneumatically operated mechanical gearbox, due to the low size, mass, and production costs of this design. Some DMUs used hydraulic torque converters instead. It was a 30.3 litre, 12-cylinder boxer unit, producing 275 PS (202 kW).Note man standing lower right for size comparison. For military use and medium-size boats, medium-speed four-stroke diesel engines are most suitable. Large ships use extremely efficient, low-speed two-stroke diesel engines. They can reach efficiencies of up to 55.These engines were three-cylinder units of 120 PS (88 kW) and four-cylinder units of 180 PS (132 kW) and used for Russian ships. In World War I, especially submarine diesel engine development advanced quickly.Fuel efficiency, reliability and ease of maintenance are very important for such engines, whilst high power output and quiet operation are negligible. Therefore, mechanically controlled fuel injection and air-cooling are still very common.Usually, these engines run permanently, either with mostly partial load, or intermittently, with full load. Stationary diesel engines powering electric generators that put out an alternating current, usually operate with alternating load, but fixed rotational frequency. This is due to the mains' fixed frequency of either 50 Hz (Europe), or 60 Hz (United States). The engine's crankshaft rotational frequency is chosen so that the mains' frequency is a multiple of it.Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. Archived from the original on May 23, 2007. Retrieved May 28, 2007. Progressive Age Publishing Company. Retrieved October 28, 2017.CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) Retrieved February 28, 2019. Retrieved February 28, 2019. Crain Communications, Inc., Detroit MI. Retrieved February 28, 2019. Retrieved September 28, 2015. Archived from the original on December 7, 2008. Courier Dover Publications. p. 32 fg. 5 Retrieved January 8, 2009. CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) Retrieved May 11, 2009. Retrieved November 1, 2008.Archived from the original (Press release) on September 12, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012.Brussels, Belgium. 5 (125): 6. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. For the Hyundai Motor Group, a group of companies, see Hyundai Motor Group. Hyundai Motor Europe He in turn hired five other top British car engineers. Exports began in the following year to Ecuador and soon thereafter to the Benelux countries.Canadian sales greatly exceeded expectations, and it was at one point the top-selling car on the Canadian market. The company began to produce models with its own technology in 1988, beginning with the midsize Sonata.It added a 10-year or 100,000-mile (160,000 km) warranty to cars sold in the United States and launched an aggressive marketing campaign.On 30 September 2011, Yang Seung Suk announced his retirement as CEO of Hyundai Motor Co.In 2001, the Daimler-Hyundai Truck Corporation was formed.Worldwide sales in 2005 reached 2,533,695 units, an 11 percent increase over the previous year.Hyundai Tiburon, also known as the Tuscani in South Korea and as the Coupe in Great Britain, was discontinued in 2008. Hyundai Veloster (2012) is a compact three-door sports car first produced in 2011 as a replacement for the discontinued Hyundai Tiburon Hyundai Tucson, also known as ix35 in Europe and Brazil from second generation. Hyundai Santa Fe was awarded the Top Pick by Consumer Reports in 2008. A Hyundai Universe Space Luxury, the latest modern coach by Hyundai. Successor to the Hyundai Aero. That year, Hyundai set a record of selling the most automobiles in its first year of business in the United States compared to any other car brand; total sales in 1986 were 168,882.With an increasingly poor reputation for quality, Hyundai sales plummeted, and many dealerships either earned their profits on repairs or abandoned the product.It added free maintenance for the first 2 years or 24,000 miles for all its new cars sold, starting with the 1992 model year. It also added a 10-year or 100,000-mile (160,000 km) powertrain warranty (known as the Hyundai Advantage) to its vehicles sold in the United States. By 2004, sales had dramatically increased, and the reputation of Hyundai cars improved. This made Hyundai second in the industry, only behind Toyota, for initial vehicle quality.In 1990, Hyundai established the Hyundai Design Center in Fountain Valley, California. Later that same year, HATCI announced that it would be expanding its technical operations in Michigan and hiring 600 additional engineers and other technical employees over a period of five years. The center also has employees in California and Alabama.It is Hyundai's second attempt at producing cars in North America since Hyundai Auto Canada Inc.'s plant in Quebec closed in 1993. A 30,000-square-foot (2,800 m 2 ) complex featuring offices and indoor testing areas is located on the premises as well.They attempt to measure more than just the number of problems per vehicle. Hyundai tops in Strategic Vision Total Quality Awards. For the first time ever, Hyundai has risen to share the position of having the most models leading a segment.This concept made its American debut in mid-2008.In 2008, at the New York International Auto Show, Hyundai debuted its production version of the performance-oriented rear-drive Hyundai Genesis Coupe, slated to hit dealerships in early 2009.Sales projections for 1984 called for 5,000 Ponys, but actual sales were closer to 25,000, making the Pony one of Canada's best selling cars that year. A lesser known model, also sold in Canada, was the Hyundai Stellar.With boost in sales in 2009, Hyundai Auto Canada Inc. Hyundai is the No.1 import car brand in Canada without a local plant. Sales over 100,000 cars-per-year mark in 2012.Prior to the introduction of the Hyundai brand for non-commercial vehicles, Hyundai passenger vehicles, light-duty cargo vans, and passenger vans were distributed by Chrysler de Mexico, branded as Dodge.From March 2017, unit sales plummeted in retaliation for the installation of THAAD. Beijing Hyundai has 3 assembly plants, each 300,000 unit annual capacity in NE Beijing outskirts. Beijing Hyundai produce most of the taxies in Beijing of the year 2013.Other models include the Getz, Accent, Elantra, second generation Verna, Santa Fe and the Sonata Transform. Hyundai has two manufacturing plants in India located at Sriperumbudur in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Both plants have a combined annual capacity of 600,000 units. In mid 2014, Hyundai launched Xcent, a sedan based on successful Grand i10. Recently, on 11 August 2014, Hyundai India Motor Limited launched the Elite i20 in petrol and diesel variants.Indian engineers are heavily involved in making of Indian vehicles like Grand i10, Elite i20 along with other Global cars.For instance, actor Bae Yong-joon was hired to endorse the mid-sized Sonata in Japan to appeal to the mature housewives who watch Winter Sonata. The marketing campaign backfired, as large sedans are driven primarily by middle-aged men, while housewives prefer compact cars.It has earned its spot as the third top player in the Philippine automotive industry. There are currently 42 dealerships around the country.Their current line-up consists of the Hyundai Reina, Hyundai Accent, Hyundai Elantra, Hyundai Ioniq, Hyundai Veloster, Hyundai Kona, Hyundai Tucson, Hyundai Santa Fe, Hyundai Palisade and the Hyundai Grand Starex. As well as vans, trucks and buses such as the Hyundai H350, Hyundai H100 vans, Hyundai County, Hyundai Super Aero City and Hyundai Universe buses, Hyundai Xcient, Hyundai Mighty II and Hyundai Trago trucks. Cars previously sold by Hyundai in the country include the, Hyundai Sonata, Hyundai Genesis Coupe, Hyundai Veracruz, Hyundai Getz, Hyundai i20, Hyundai i10, Hyundai Matrix, and the Hyundai Eon.HARI targets to sell more modern jeepneys as the government pushes for the Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program to replace the ageing Jeepneys. In January 2020, HARI launched the Hyundai HD50S Class 3 modern jeepney. In the same month, the company delivered the initial batch of Hyundai HD50S Class 2 modern jeepneys to the Public Transport Alliance of Gensan. The said group ordered 300 units of modern jeepneys from HARI. Their current lineup for the modern PUVs (Public Utility Vehicles) include the: Hyundai Class-1 Modern Jeepney (based on the Hyundai H100 ), Hyundai Forma Novus Class-2 Modern Jeepney, and the recent Hyundai HD50S Class 3 modern jeepney (based on the Hyundai Mighty II ).This growth has been attributed to the sales of the Kona, Santa Fe, and the H100. HARI sold a total of 3,163 units in December 2019 from 3,074-unit sales in the same month in 2018. The overall growth was supported by the 8.51-percent increase in sales of passenger cars last month, selling a total of 1,645 units compared to December 2018's sales of 1,516 units. Hyundai's sales of passenger cars in the Philippine market declined by 33 percent to 967 units in January 2020 from 1,443 units a year ago. Light commercial vehicle sales likewise fell by 19.9 percent to 1,053 units last January from 1,315 units sold in the same month of 2019. This is due to the 2020 Taal Volcano eruption and the COVID-19 pandemic.In May 2013 Hyundai Turkey Izmit plant capacity increased up to 200,000 units with 470 million Euro investment.Almost all of the finished vehicles were exported across Botswana's border to South Africa, where the vast majority of dealerships are situated.They have a big model range and offers sports models of some car models which are only offered on the Egypt market. Formerly, the company had assembled vehicles such as the Verna.No.2 sales maker without local plant.You can help by adding to it. ( September 2010 ) The company was using batteries from Ovonic Battery Company Inc.The Elantra LPI (Liquefied Petroleum Injected) is the world's first hybrid electric vehicle to be powered by an internal combustion engine built to run on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a fuel.The prototype, an electric version of i10, was first unveiled at the Frankfurt Motor Show in 2009.