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disaster management manual projectHe i s also medical and research advisor at the regional security and p reparedness unit (former Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Center) in the western region of Sweden. He has been working with General Surgery, Endocrine Surgery, and Trauma Surgery and within the field of Di saster Medicine. H e i s a s e n i o r l e c t u r e r i n S u r g e r y a n d d i s a s t e r m e d icine at the Gothenburg U niversity and has published numerous ar ticles in the fields of surgery, emergency and disaster medicine.He is medical and research advisor at the regional security and preparedness unit (f ormer Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Center) in w estern region of Sweden. He has been working with General Surgery, Endocrine Surgery, and Trauma Surgery and within the field of Disaster Medicine. He is a senior lecturer in Surgery and disaster medicine at the Gothenburg University and has published numerous articles in the fields of surgery and disaster medicine. He is also visiting professor at S hiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, Mahidol University and National Institute of Emergency Medicine of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand and Kharkiv National University, Kharkov, Ukraine. Authors of chapters Andersson Jan-Olov is currently Associate Professor at th e Department of Geomatics at Karlstad University (KAU), Karlstad, Sweden. He received his Ph.D. in Biology at Karlstad University in 2010. He is a researcher in the Centre for Climate and Saf ety at Karlstad University. He graduated from Karlstad University with a B.Sc. in Geography (1997). He is a member of the Cartographic Society of Sweden (KS). Arculeo Chris is an independent consultant in International Crisis an d Disaster Management. Previously Deputy Assistant Commissioner in the London Fire Brigade. Senior Fire and Rescue Security advisor to the UK Government. He is also a speaker, trainer, mentor and evaluator on a number of European Civil Protection training courses.http://www.smadie.fr/buhler-mtra-manual.xml
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Aremyr Johan (RN) has a long experience in prehosp ital care in different managerial levels. Current ly, he is working on CBRNe issues concerning both pre-hospital and hospital fields. He has been project leader for a web-based national educational program for the joint education of a ll high-reliability organizations in CBRNe incident management. He is also an educational officer in the western region of Sweden with regard to CBRNe topics and protective issues. Ashkenazi Michael (Ph.D. Anthropology) has written and co-edited b ooks, scholarly articles, and article collections. His most recently published book is “What We Know About ETI: Foundations of Xenology” (Berlin: Springer. 2 017). He has conducted research on topics including disaster management, business, migration, demobilization, and security and field research in Asia and Africa. He has taught anthropology and trained f ield workers in various countries. He has consulted with organizations including the EU, OSCE, the German government, East Africa Standby Brigade and continues to work as a private consultant. Carlstrom Eric (Ph.D., Public Administration) is a full professor in He alth Care Sciences specialized in management. He has been working as a manager in the health care industry and has more than 30 years of experience in ambulance services. He is currently on e of the researchers at the unit o f security an d preparedness in Western Sweden and the University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-centered Care. MRMI International executive board member, a mem ber of the board of the Italian Society for Trauma and Urgency Surgery, the board of the Italian Federation for Emergency and Urgency M edicine and Catastrophes, Disaster and Milit ary Surgery Section of the European Society for Trauma and Emergency Surgery. Gustafsson Kristin (MSc) is a lecturer in Risk and Environmental Studies at Karlstad University. She has an M.Sc.http://bk21pluselec.com/userData/board/buick-enclave-manual-pdf.xml in agronomy from S wedish University of Agricultural Sciences and has been teachin g Environmental Science, Risk Management, and Communication Studies for twenty years. Haas Jan is currently Associate Professor at Karlstad University (KAU), Karlstad, Sweden. He received his P h.D. degree in Geodesy and Geoinformatics from KTH Royal Institute of Technol ogy, Stockholm, Sweden. Before he joined KTH for his M.Sc. degree in Geodesy and Geoinformatics, he graduated from Rostock University with a B.Sc. in Land Management and Environmental Engineering. He is a mem ber of the Society for Urban Ecology and the Cartographic Society of Sweden. Hreckovski Boris (MD) is a general surgery, orthopedic and traumatology specialist. Chief of the surgery department in General County Hospital Slavonski Brod, Croatia. Reserve m ajor of Croatian Armed Forces. President of th e Croatian Society for Disaster Medi cine. Actively involved in the European Society of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. Organizer of simulation training MRMI in Croatia. He h as published articles in major journals and books. Kaptan Kubi lay is an assistant professor of civil engineering, specialized in disaster management and seismicity, IFRC advisor, author, and columnist. He completed hi s undergraduate education at Istanbul Technical University; graduated from Bogazici University and holds a Ph.D. from Princeton University and Bogazici University. He has served as the Director of the Disasters Research Centre from 2009 to 2014. He wa s appointed Ass. Professor at Beykent University in 2016. Khorram-Manesh Nicki (BSc, MSc), currently works as Head of Section for EU and International Affairs at the Swedish Mi nistry of Health and Social Affairs. He has previously served in the Swedish Foreign Service with di ff erent po sitions in Stockholm and has also been stationed at the Swedish Embassies in Indonesia and Singapore.http://fscl.ru/content/3par-t400-manual He holds an MSc in Political Science from Gothenburg university and a BSc in Political Science from Stockholm university. Liebiediev Denys National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine. Rector’s assistant for International Cooperation. MSc in Jurisprudence, Ph.D. in Psychology. After graduating from the National University of Internal Affairs, he has had different positions at the police departments and in 2006 started his service at the Ministry of Emergencies of Ukraine. He has taken part in liquidation of consequences of huge disasters and incidents as a member of urgent psychological assistance group and since 2009 he is responsible for international cooperation issues at the National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine. Head of the Research Laborato ry of Extreme and Crisis P syc hology - Ph.D. i n Psychology, and senior researcher. She began service as a psychologist at psychological support service at Ministry of Internal Affairs o f Ukraine and dealt with the psychological support o f special forces. Since 2006 has been working at the Ministry of Emergencies of Ukraine. She has experience in providing psychological assistance to affected people in emergencies and disasters and various organized events. Lisniak Andrii National University o f Civil Protection of Ukraine. He is the head of the department of fire tactics and rescue operations - Candidate of Technical Sciences, and assistant Professor. Since 2001 he has been working as the chief o f the guard at fire and rescue units and since 2 006 as scientific and teaching staff. In 2008 he defended his thesis for the degree of candid ate of technical sciences. He has authored educational books and been an active participant of international projects and training. Nilson Finn, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Risk Management, working at the Centre for Public Safety at Karlstad Unive rsity. His research is predominantly centered around injury prevention and within the public h ealth field.https://fjdeboer.com/images/brk-smoke-alarms-manual.pdf As well as p roducing his own research, he supervises several P h.D. students and lectures within the Master’s program Societal Risk Management as well as courses in event safety and c rowd management. Nyberg Lars has a Ph.D. in hydrology and is A ssociate Professor in Risk- and Environmental Studies at Karlstad University, Sweden. His research has mainly been focused on natural disasters and climate adaptation with a special focus on how society is affected by extreme weather events and how climate-related risks can be reduced. He teaches various t opics in hydrology, environmental science and sustainable development and leads m asters’ courses on theory in risk manageme nt and climate adaptation and mitigation at the Center for Climate and Safety, where he has initiated and actively contributed to societal collaboration with various stakeholders. Sobol Oleksandr National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine. Head of the department of Management and Organization of Activities in the sphere of Civil Protection. Doctor of T echnical Sciences, and senior researcher. Graduated from Kharkov State University in 1996) as a specialist in Dynamics and strength of machines (Engineering Physics Department). From October 1996 up to the present he has been working in v arious positions at the National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine and authored a number of books and scientific articles. Lupescu Olivera (MD, Ph.D.), Consultant Orthopedic Surgeon is currently Chief of Orthopedic and Trauma Unit II in Bucharest Clinical Emergency Hospital, and Professor at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania. She is also involved i n education and national and international research projects and clinical trials. She has more than 100 p apers presented as invited speaker in national and international medical conferences, Journals and books. Ingrassia Pier Luigi (MD, Ph.D.https://glosunspa.com/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/16289a40d49409---canon-eos-20d-manual-focus.pdf), is Vice-Director of the Research Cen tre in Emergency and Disaster Medicine at University Del Pemonte Orentale and is involved, at the academ ic level, in training medical professionals in Disaster and Mass Casualty Incidents m anagement. He is a visiting professor at the Free University of Brussels and secretary member of th e executive b oard of the EMDM Academy. He has been working for WHO and has field?s experience at a national and international level in the response and recovery after a crisis. He has also obt ained the highest qualification in medical category in Emergency Medicine in 2016. Santamaria Emelia B. (MD) is an Emergency Medicine practitioner with a keen interest in Emergency Medical Services System and Disaster Medicine. As a member of the of the Health E mergencies and Disasters (HEAD) Study Group at the National Institutes of Health University of the Philippine, Manila, she has authored and co- authored EMS related research. She leads the advocacy group EMS Philippines lobbying for the Philippine EMS Bill to be a law and championing for Paramedicine to be professionalized in the country through regulated and standardized training to foster equal opportunities. Sobyna Vitalii National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine. Head of th e department of organization and technical support in rescue operations - Candidate of Technical Sciences, and assistant Professor. He graduated from the Academy of Civil Protection of Ukraine in 2006 and was appointed as a commander of the guard at fire- rescue training unit. He has authored monographs and articles in various scientific journals. Skliarov Stanislav National University of Civil Protection of Ukraine. Associate Professor at the department of Fire and Rescue Training a nd the Faculty of Operational and Rescue Forces. He holds a Ph.D. in Psychology - Psychology of activities in special conditions. S ince then he has been working as the chief of the guard at th e fire and rescue units.BACSIHA.COM/public/ckfinder/userfiles/files/bosun-mate-manual.pdf He has authored a number of books and scientific articles. Wilhelmsson Mikael has a background in nursing and political science with a focus on international cooperation and crisis management and has w orking experience in the field of Security Sector Reform, Rule of Law and Crisis Management in conflict and post-conflict countries. He holds an honorary doctoral degree from the Ukraine National University of Ci vil Protection as well as one from the Institute o f Public Administration within the Sphere of Civil Protection. Transportation incidents, increasing numbers of mass gatherings, chemical and technical incidents, increasing number of armed conflicts and terrorism are some of the major reasons for this increasing pattern. Any of t hese events may result in severe casualties, destruction of infrastruct ures and create a situation in which the number of victims may exceed available resources. Much of the knowledge in disaster medicine has been based on the “lessons learned”. However, it has been proven that no lessons learned theoretically can actively be used in practice if the knowledge is not tested in a practical environment. In this perspective, the major clinical excellence and testin g laboratories for disaster response are the scenes where disasters happen. Yet, most of the research and reports in the field are produced in high-income countries, while most of the disasters happen in middle- or low-income countries. There is thus a n eed to bring these two environments together in order to use the theoretical knowled ge in practice and among people who are highly exposed and involved in the multidisciplinary management of a disaster or major incident. In this project, we have initiated an academic program in which the theoretical knowledge is mixed with practical exercises in an environment that allows mistakes and repetitive learning.https://opalsolar.com.au/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/16289a41d5d8e4---Canon-eos-20d-instruction-manual.pdf The blended learning model used in the program enables the use of this educational model in different countries with different resources. This program consists of theoretical lectures, seminars, internet-based learning, table-top exercises and simulatio n exercises. In order to standar dize the knowledge and enable an easier access to the literature, this handbook was created. Many inter nationally known academics and field workers have contributed to produce the 30 chapters of this book. The topics included are based on research published i n the literature (see introduction). Our goal is to offer an easy and accessible book for all professionals involved i n the management of disasters and major incidents. This book is no substitute for reference books in disaster medicine but should be seen as a primary introductio n to the subj ect. I would like to thank all my co-authors for their excellent and voluntary work and the time t hey put into this book. My thanks also go to the EU and DG-ECHO, for their valuab le contribution to the entire project Amir Khorram-Manesh 30 April 2017 Gothenburg, Sweden The general objective of the project is to establish a j oint academy in which different types of validated training and exercise methods can be taught as well as introducing a new master’s education in disaster and crisis management. These efforts are aiming at giving Ukraine new tools for fostering coordination and cooperation between authorities involved in disaster and crisis management coherent with international and Euro pean principles. This guiding textboo k aims at giving you an overview, outlining the various topics, of the masters in crisis and disaster management at the Natio nal University of Civil Protection on Kharkiv. It is our hope and belief it will serve as a gateway to current thoughts, ideas, and practices supporting the Ukrainian development within the field of crisis and disaster management. Bearing in mind the initial words of Mr.https://cashofferoregon.com/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/16289a426ef7bc---canon-eos-1v-repair-manual.pdf Maynard Keynes we s incerely hope that this booklet will aid you in challenging existing thoughts, ideas, and practices. We would like to specifically than k the authors for their valuable contribution to our project in general and this handbook in particular. Mikael Wilhelmsson Coordinator SUDCM P reparedness may be achieved by either being exposed to many disasters or to proper educational programs. An “acceptable preparedness” is somewhat subjective and what is acceptable may differ due to the geographical and educational back ground of the countries an d their resources, expectations, and quality demands. Furthermore, since disasters occur infrequently, opportunities for frequent exposure to disasters are r are. This necessitates educational initiatives for learning as part of a comprehen sive and standardized management plan and a competency- based educational program. The European Union ( EU) is actively working to improve its preparedness by offering various educational programs and taking part in global events. Nevertheless, published data indicate that the level of preparedness within the EU is barely acceptable, especially in areas such as hospital preparedness and educational pro grams. A standardized m anagement plan may be used as an educational opportunity and consequently, can be taught and evaluated. Although st andardization may lead to inflexibility due to organizational differences and national legislations, it may ensure quality and uniformity of a syllabus, fa cilitate international cooperation, and enable evaluation and continual improv ement. Although there is no conse nsus-based definition of competency in the literature, a competency-based educational prog ram should allow individuals or organizations to use their acquired knowledge and skill and convert them to proper actions and management in real situations.BABYBASKETSONLINE.COM/userfiles/files/bosun-dinghy-manual.pdf Each organization has its own requirements for e ducational back ground, the length of time to earn the degree, and type of diploma for different positions; however, managerial positions are based on people’s professional experience and related education for the specific level they work with. Thus, for educational purposes, there are different target learning audiences, and each educational initiative targets somewhat different groups. There are 140 identified educational initiatives within the EU, most of which are multidisciplinary and competency based and encompass various subject matter experts and professions. We use the abbreviation “EIT” as most of these educational approaches are short and do not represent a national or European program or k nown standard. These EITs are specifically for disaster managers at different levels. These initiatives offer a range of diplomas ( e.g., 52 offer a master’s degree and 19 postgraduate diplomas) and varying lengths of programs and attract special g roups within the DM system. We e xpect this program to enhance the intercultural and interag ency performance acr oss the Disaster Management (DM) cycle. Here “Intercultural” does not refer to different nations and cultural background but rather to working cultures within diverse agencies. Since communication and information shortcom ings are the most comm on reason for failed DM, this educational program focuses heavily on collaboration and interoperability between trained professionals involved in disaster response to ensure that they understand the need for collaboration and are aware of e ach other’s limitations and possibilities. Such multidisciplinary programs cover all disaster phases, accommodate the needs of each organization, and offer a safe environment where parti cipants are able to learn by doing in an interactive environm ent--vertically within their own organization and horizontally together with other organizations--by focusing on shared training, cooperation, and intercultural under standing. Suc h programs bring some degree o f standardization and off er a thorough evaluation of participants and the program by using evidence-based scientific methods. One important part of the program is to offer a standardized handbook in which all necessary information is g athered. This is not intended as a substitute for reference books, but it is intended to make the information accessible and easy to learn s o that the information can be combined with the practical parts of th e education. Further readings 1. Ingrassia P L, et al. Education and training initiatives for crisis management in the European Union: a web-based analysis of available programs. Prehospital Disaster Medcine 2014; 29 (2): 115-26 2. Djalali A, et al. Identifying deficiencies in national and foreign medical teams’ responses through expert opinion surveys: implications f or education and training. Prehospital Disaster Medicine 2014; 29 (4): 364-8 3. Djalali A, et al. Art of disaster preparedness in European Union: a survey on the health systems. PLoS Current 2014; 17: 16 4. Ripoll GA, et al. Core competencies in disaster management and humanitarian assistance: A systematic review. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. 2015; 9 (4): 430-39 5. Khorram-Manesh A, et al. Education in disaster management and emerge ncies: defining a new European course. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. 2016; 9 (3): 245-255 6. Khorram-Manesh A, et al. Education in disaster management: What do we offer and what do we need. Proposing a new global program. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. 2016; 10 (6): 854- 873 The manag ement of a disaster is multidisciplinary and follows organized rules and international law. To successfully manage disasters there is a nee d for mutual understanding based on good communication and agreed on definitions. 1.2 Aim The aims of this chapter are to point out the general principles of Humanitarian action, to distinguish disasters from other humanitarian actions, to describe Disaster Management terminology and t o define the Prepared Community, disaster risks identification, management, and evaluation. It is a multifaceted event, open to a range of different interpretations and though often caused by nature, may also have human origins. The combination of hazards, vulnerability, and inability to reduce the potential negative consequenc es of risk results in disaster. Traditionally, natural disasters have been seen as situations that create challenges and problems mainly of a humanitarian nature. However, increasingly, it has come to be recognized, that human rights protection also needs to be provided in these A c risis may ha ve numerous definitions, but can simply be defined as a turning point at which the trend of all future events, especially for better or worse is determ ined. It presents a cause of i nsta bility or danger, in social, economic, political, or international affairs leading to a decisive change. Disasters and crises are not connected with certain time or place, but both can happen suddenly and lead to catastrophic situations. Disasters are urgent events that have different impacts according to type and size. A disaster might not affect the vital intere st of the state. A disaster cannot be prevented, but its impact might be mitigated e.g., floods, fires, etc. Crises, on the other hand, are progressive urgencies that represent a m ajor threat to the interests of the state, are accompanied by high pressures and tensions, and can possibly be ameliorated by negotiations e.g., airplane highjacking, hostage taking, etc. Disasters can be classified into natural or man-made disasters. Natural disasters can be divided into three specific groups: hydrometeorological disasters, geophysical disasters, and biological disasters. Hydrometeorological disasters are natural processes or phenomena of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature that may cause loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. Geophysical disasters are natural Ear th processes or phenom ena that may cause loss o f life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or env ironmental degradat ion. These include earthquakes, landslides, a nd volcanic eruptions. Biolog ical disasters are processes of organic origin or those conveyed by biological vectors, including exposure to pathogenic microorganisms, toxins, and bioactive substances, which may cause loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. The economic impact of a disaster usually consists of direct (e.g. damage to i nfrastruc ture, crops, housing) and indirect (e.g. loss of revenues, unemployment, market destabilization) con sequences on the local economy. There is also an emerging third type of disasters, which is represented in a com plex from the previous two main types. This ty pe starts with human action, then nature plays its role in increasing the magnitude of the disaster e.g., negligence in controlling agricultural pests which le ads to damage of agricultural production resu lting in severe conse quences for the com munity, or negligence in reviewing The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction classifies disaster and crisis in a different way. Disasters are divided into three types; First: Major disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes, floods and tremors. Second: Visible disasters such as famine and epidemics. Third: Sudden disasters such a s industrial or nuclear disasters or in g eneral those resulting from technological development. Crises are divided into; Intentional (is planned such as terrorism) crises or Unintentional (is unplanned such as flooding) crises. Other classification might be Internal (caused within the organization ) and External (caused due to external threats) crises. Another classification of crises is one based on the causal factor of the crisis. These are: 1) Crises resulting from administrative and technical hazards. 2) Crises resulting from general and external trends. 3) Crises resulting from the external surrounding environment and not due to human organization. 4) Crises resulting from natural disasters. Kippenberger lists seven types of crisis that face managers: natural disasters; technological disasters; crises of confrontation between hum an interests; acts of malevolence; crises due to misplaced management values; acts of deception; and management misconduct. During the past decades, over 10,000 disasters have been reported, billions of people have been affected, and millions have been killed, all accompanied by high economic costs. The objectives of humanitarian action e.g., to save lives, alleviate s uffering and maintain human dignity during and in the afterm ath of man-made crises and natural disasters, as well as to prevent and strengthen preparedness for the occurrence of such situation s, are all documented and signed globally. The documents also describes how humanitarian action should b e guided e.g., by the humanitarian principles of humanity (the centrality of saving human lives and alleviating suffering wherever it is found), by impartiality (the implementation of a ctions solely on the basis of need, without discrimination between or within affected populations), by neutrality (humanitarian action must not favour any si de in an armed conflict or other dispute where such action is carried out), and by independency (the autonomy of humanitarian objectives from the political, economic, military or other objectives that any actor may hold with regard to areas where humanitarian action is being implemented). General principles of Humanitarian Action are: 1. Respect and promote the implementation of the international humanitarian law, refugee law, and human rights. 2. While reaffirming the primary responsibility of states for t he victims of humanitarian emergencies within their own borde rs, strive to ensure flexible and timely funding, on the basis of the collective obligation of striving to m eet humanitarian needs. February 2017 at 2. UNISDR. Terminology. February 2017 at 3. The United Nations Office of Disasters Risk Reduction. February 2017 at 4. Principles and good p ractice of humanitarian donorship. February 2017 at 5. Lennquist S. Medical Response to Major Incidents and Disasters. 1 st Ed. Berlin: Springer, 2012 6. Kippenberger T. Facing different types of crisis. The Antidote 1999; 4 (3): 24- 27 7. Auf Der Heide E. Disaster Respo nse: Principles of Preparation and Coordination. St. Louis: Mosby, 1989. 8. Benjamin D, Simon S. The Age of Sacred Terror. New York: Random House, 2002. 9. Brower DJ, Bohl CC. Principles and Practice of Hazards Mitigation. Emmitsburg, MD: FEMA Emergency Management Higher Education Project College Cou rse, April 2000. At: 10. Bullock J, et al. Introduction to Homeland Securit y. Amsterdam: Elsevier, Butterworth Heinemann, 2005. 11. Burby RJ, et al. Building Disaster Res ilient Communities.