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diptrace manuale italianoE per passare alla licenza superiore si paga solo la differenza! Facile conversione dello schema in circuito stampato. Importazione ed esportazione in vari formati. Modelli pronti all’uso e strumenti per la modifica globale della libreria. Piu di 140000 componenti organizzati in librerie standard. Funzioni di esportazione verso i CAD meccanici. Disponibile per Win32, Win64, MacOS. Disponibili tante forme di pagamento, sconti quantita, prezzi speciali per scuole ed universita. I nostri esperti di elettronica, profondi conoscitori di DipTrace, lavoreranno assieme a voi sul progetto finche non sara completato. When I started looking for a design tool, everyone I asked for was using EAGLE. Discover everything Scribd has to offer, including books and audiobooks from major publishers. Start Free Trial Cancel anytime. Report this Document Download Now Save Save Guida Breve a DipTrace For Later 0 ratings 0 found this document useful (0 votes) 48 views 63 pages Guida Breve a DipTrace Uploaded by nanostallmann Description: diptreace guide Full description Save Save Guida Breve a DipTrace For Later 0 0 found this document useful, Mark this document as useful 0 0 found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful Embed Share Print Download Now Jump to Page You are on page 1 of 63 Search inside document Browse Books Site Directory Site Language: English Change Language English Change Language. Why am I looking at options. Having read numerous forums and reviews, based on other peoples experience it would appear that Diptrace is an improvement over Eagle and other low end solutions, I have tried Eagle In the past and I would have to agree, but Diptrace far from perfect, in fact its so poor in some areas I am now thinking about sinking time into evaluating other applications.They claim it runs on Windows and OSX which is true. But on OSX its actually running the Windows version of the software under a windows emulator called WINE.http://freehajjandumrah.com/admin/admin/uploadfiles/bss-london-blu-160-manual.xml
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Worse than that, WINE runs under Quarts X11 which is yet another layer of abstraction before it hits the actual screen. Trust me, the thing is crappy, actually bad enough that I want to use it in Windows instead, which is tearing me away from my beloved MAC. Integration into the Mac is non-existent, files and folder structures are ten folders deep as the WINE emulator creates a Windows-like folder structure. Novram should be ashamed of their claims of OSX support, its really terrible. So if you are going to use Diptrace, use it on Windows not a MAC. If you have a Mac, install Oracle’s virtual box, run a copy of Windows 7 and use it as a native Windows app (I am going to give DipTrace one more try under Windows to see how I go). I have to say at this point, I don’t much like CAD software, it all seems to have “its own way” of working, seemingly much of this is a hangover from Autocad which was made before a mouse was even commonplace, so lots of strange keyboard shortcuts etc. DT reacts strangely to the mouse mostly so while people seem to think its intuitive I can only imagine other packages must really be bad. If you are used to using Windows or Mac UI’s and you have not had any CAD experience then DT will feel alien and it has a long learning curve to get you past that. I have used it (schematic capture) to create a project and it does work once you get to understand its oddities. The lack of development progress and the poor usability does not say a great deal for Novram. Any electronics engineer knows which pin is the emitter of a transistor, displaying E is ridiculous. Control of this should be a properly of the part not a global view property, although you might want that too. It would appear that NetPorts are just another 1-pin component which is why this happens, perhaps a simple attribute on the component property called “Exclude from BOM” might help. Clicking an item puts you into place mode meaning you have to press escape if you were just browsing.http://www.urbantv.fr/userfiles/bss-omnidrive-366-manual.xml Right click also cancels it but you also get a right click context menu. The software could do with a decent library browser and some better organisation for the actual libraries. Trying to manage parts, copying between libraries etc, all very confusing and counter intuitive. Single line text is really not good enough. Ideally multi-line post-it style boxes would be good. Nothing doing, leaving you to manually check the net names to make sure your schematic has integrity across sheets.I bought this about four years ago and Oh-my-god, it was the most buggy and terrible piece of software I could ever imagine. It was cheap enough though that I did not loose any sleep over it when I just chalked it up to experience and uninstalled it. The author was defensive and it was pretty clear things were not going to get addressed and it was even more abundantly clear with the very regular, sometimes daily releases that there was absolutely no quality control, one new fix and another things broken etc, I gave up after a couple of weeks. At the time the guy developing it was focused on this next generation written in.NET and an all new design, this is now 4 years in the making and I recently had another go with it.At a glance I can say is that a lot of attention to detail when it comes to look and feel, the schematics look really nice, they print well and the component libraries appear to be reasonably comprehensive.I am happy I have what I think is a good starting point of rest of the project. I have something that is working and feels much more stable under a varying capitative and resistive loads, I have a high degree of confidence that I am now on the right track.https://skazkina.com/ru/3m-touch-screen-monitor-manual Having resolved the issues with stability I have now added a current shunt, high-side current sense amp and current error amp for current regulation, I have also added a couple of amps in comparator mode to sense the regulation state to show if the regulator is in constant volts or constant current mode or out of regulation all together. Using a high-side current sense amp means that I do not need to sense in the ground return path which in turns helps keep things simple. The MAX4080F reads the voltage dropped across the current shunt which is made up of 10 x 1R resistors in parallel. The voltage read is multiplied by 5 and delivered to the output pin.Turn the PSU output on and the cold lamp draws current beyond the limit set (indicated by the red LED), but as the lamp warms up and draws less current the PSU transitions from CC mode to CV mode smoothly. The IRF540 Q4 is then simply acting as a voltage follower which scales up the power handling, its source simply follows the voltage on the collector of Q5. This configuration works really well and is much more stable (more on that in a second), but its not perfect. I am not entirely convinced about the use of a FET as the final pass device any more. Its easy to drive because of the low drive current needed, but being a linear regulator circuit the output FET never does the one thing that its really good at which is being turn hard on, so despite having a positive grid bias supply that will allow this, its never used. The FET device is perfect for the pre-regulator switch (Q2) so I don’t need to change that but it would seem like there is an opportunity to simplify this circuitry further in the final output and driver section, so this is not yet a finished design, but its certainly a workable one.The pre-regulator will be introduced later and is specifically required to lower the overall heat dissapation of the regulator circuit under certain load conditions.https://elitesoftsolutions.com/images/brinkmann-fryer-manual.pdf The pre-regulator switching control will be done by the micro processor in the main but I do need to add some direct analogue feedback mechanism to ensure the regulators dynamic response is not impacted by any software or hardware latency the micro controller would introduce in this setup. Basically the idea is to sense any significant change (ac coupled) on the control point at the junction of D8 and D9 and if detected turn the pre-regulator hard on for a set period of time, lets say 250ms or so which will ensure full power is immediatly available to the drain of Q4 which will regulate as required. During this forced on time, Q4 will dissipate all of the heat generated by the power dropped across the regulator.Average rating You must login to vote The aim was to significantly lower the gain of the loop above the point where the feedback becomes positive and the servo action becomes unstable. DC conditions remain in tact but as the frequency rises in the circuit, then the negative feedback starts to kick in via C11 and C12 lowering the gain in the feedback loop. The filtering could be improved and there is definitly some improvements I need to make at very low output voltages (0-50mv). The basic regulator circuit I have ended up with is pretty classic and has been done many times before so there is nothing new, but for me what I have achieved is creating a circuit from the ground up and getting my own understanding up to a level that allows me to properly comprehend the behaviour and problems that can occur with such a circuit and some basic ideas on how one would tackle the problems when they do arise. Doing some basic testing I was able to drive a load well above the rated power of 30W (almost 50 watts) without a problem and with good load regulation. The regulator tracks very accurately according to my Fluke 289 and Agilent 34401A into both load and no load conditions.https://kayakbranson.com/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/16288b5de060e6---Cannon-coalridge-power-flue-manual.pdf I have yet to do any testing around dynamic response, I don’t have a programmable DC load so I need to work up a simple test rig to do this which I will leave for another article. I have tried using LT1013 precision op amps in this circuit but there is not any improvement over the LM358’s, primarily because the circuit remains accurate because of the control loop that ensures this, so precision op amps are not needed. Slugging the output with a big electrolytic cap helped reduce the noise but it was still present. Having tried a few things I suddenly realised that my test setup was flawed in relation to noise testing. Firstly the Agilent PSU generates some noise, about 2-3mv worth of it and secondly, my regulator circuit is a x10 amplifier so i was amplifying whatever noise the E3631A was generating by a factor of ten. I have not carried out tests of any substance yet but the early results are very encouraging. In Part 5 I am going to set the regulator aside for a while and turn my attention to the digital control circuit. I am going to use a micro controller with a DAC and ADC to try to create stable and accurate control reference voltages to drive the regulators CV and CC reference inputs as well as relatively accurate and high resolution metering to measure the output volts, current delivered and pre-regulator voltages.Apart from no-load DC conditions which were fine and dandy, any sort of even moderate resistive or capacitive load drove the circuit into wild instability, clearly the breadboard its self, thin connecting wires and long component leads as well as a lack of any star earthling were all going to contribute to this, so it was time to refine the circuit a bit and build it on a more sturdy vero board with some attention to layout, earthing and current handling.The gain is obtained in Q1 which is in the classic emitter follower (if it was a NPN BPT) configuration.www.cnlpzz.com/d/files/98-mercury-mystique-repair-manual-download.pdf Having this configuration for the driver means I only need a swing of between 1 and 2v to get the full output swing of 0-30v. Needing a small voltage swing means I can run the op-amp at 14v. The driver and output is acting as a voltage amplifier which is what FET’s are good at doing. The diode D3 is ensuring that the op amp is running in class A in the required range driving into R8 which is its load. By doing this we eliminate any potential crossover distortion the op amp might exhibit because of its internal center point. The driver FET (Q1) is inverting, which means the negative feedback from the output of the regulator is actually fed into the positive input of the op amp, this is a different configuration to the first design where the driver was a current amplifier and non-inverting. You will see that I have included pre-regulator pass device (Q2), the idea here being when there is a large amount of power being dissipated across Q3 the micro controller can detect this and drive Q3 which in conjunction with C5 and C6 will act as a bucket style pre-regulator. Because Q3 is acting purely as a switch we need it to be both very fast and very low on resistance and one of the things a power FET does very well is have very low on resistance.Unstable is an understatement, I had high frequency instability, low frequency instability and wildly different variations of the same with different loads. For the most part, a large electrolytic cap across the output brought it mostly under control, the high frequency stuff was largely killed off by placing C12 on the driver (Q1). Various loads across the range would yield different results and it was unpredictable and certainly not reliable in a way that I would be happy to power my next project from it! Well, I am sure there are very detailed scientific explanations but I don’t have anything like the knowledge to explain those; so in layman’s terms this is the best I can do.https://moniimpex.com/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/16288b5e13ca4a---cannon-fodder-3-manual.pdf Worst case you have numerous different stable and unstable conditions concurrently. Compare that to later solid state CRT TV’s where regulated power supplies were used, everything was much more stable visually. The problem with reducing bandwidth though is the impact on the dynamic response of the PSU under varying load conditions (more on that in a future article). I have attached some photos and some scope traces so you can see the sort of effects I was seeing. Average rating You must login to vote At this point I am suspecting many things, the FET’s are very fast so they were a concern, the feedback loop is running at high power levels so effects of parasitic capacitance and inductance are very pronounced. I don’t have the skills and experience to design this scientifically so I have to approach this with a bit of trial and error and a lot of instinctive sauce.As I specifically do not want to use one of those “out-of-the-box” all in one regulator chips the first thing we need is a working linear voltage regulator that we can build upon. Using the prototyping breadboard I created the following circuit. The objective was to set up and verify the DC conditions for a basic regulator. Unlike a classic regulator circuit where there is typically a fixed reference and a variable resistor (POT) in the feedback loop, this regulator calls for something slightly different because our micro controller and appropriate DAC will generate an accurate reference voltage between 0 and a couple of volts, the exact value of which will be set by the user; the regulator circuit must track this reference voltage and set its DC output to a multiple of that reference. The purpose of this initial design was not to create a perfect regulator but was to setup a circuit to verify the basic DC conditions and theoretical practicality of the circuit. Unregulated power into the drain with the load placed on the source. The op-amp is configured as a simple error amplifier.http://www.rlktechniek.nl/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/16288b5f2b7257---cannon-coniston-gas-cooker-manual.pdf The op-amp will move its output up or down (depending on the input state) in order to get its two inputs as close together as possible. Because the op amp drives the power device and the negative input of the op-amp is derived from the output that the power device we have a closed loop servo circuit and this is in essence what a typical regulator is made up of. Each component and any introduced capacitive or inductive loading will create phase shifts (all components exhibit parasitic capacitance and inductance). Phase shifts will put the circuit into positive feedback at certain frequencies so there is a good possibility that such a circuit will become an oscillator at certain frequencies. As a consequence, a great deal of attention needs to be paid to this problem in the design which needs to ensure that it works reliably and remains stable within the scope and specs of the requirements. The more voltage and current range required the more difficult it is to tune the circuit to be stable of the range. It’s for this reason that many power supply designs avoid discrete solutions in favour of a one-chip solution. However, a professional grade programmable bench power supply needs something more than what these one chip solutions offer. For low voltage requirements where you con comfortably run your entire circuit from a single supply this is a very good approach because of the inherent stability of the circuit. However, this design requires a regulated output of 0-30v which would require the unregulated input voltage after the rectifier and reservoir caps to be about 45 Vdc.Many bench PSU’s (for example, like the Agilent E3631A I recently repaired ) have multiple internal power supplies where the control circuitry is powered separately from the main power source. This makes it easier to design for higher regulated voltages and helps with things like noise immunity too but because of the design goals I have set it’s not an option for this design.www.cndasion.com/d/files/98-mercury-mountaineer-owners-manual.pdf No split supply for the op-amps, so we need to use single-supply capable devices. The op-amps and control circuitry need to run at a much lower voltage than the pass device and regulator output and the only way that is possible is by introducing voltage gain outside of any op amp. Voltage gain using an emitter follower (or equivalent approach) provides the level translation needed and lots of gain but that’s where the stability problems start. Apart from the performance characteristics, there are a system engineering characteristics that I also want to consider because I would like to make it possible for anyone else to build this PSU as a DIY project with the ultimate aim of creating a high quality PSU that is modular and can be built in various configurations and be built at a hobby user or small lab price point. Here is a photo showing the very first working prototype regulating at 5.010 volts. My aim is to create a modular PSU system designed to be used in lab or test automation environments. The first thing I want to create is a module similar in concept to those audio amplifier modules you can buy for building a HIFI amplifier, the module will physically look something like this. None the less, I want to avoid using the easy option in the form of the classic single package regulator IC’s that most DIY PSU builders use. LM317T, LT3080 and the like. These are great components, don’t get me wrong, but what you don’t get with these is a professional grade PSU without putting a significant amount of other electronics around them, by which time you have pretty much lost any advantage you have gained over using discrete components. Apart from that, one of the main drivers for this project is to learn more about building this kind of project and to share that learning with others. I bought this particular one faulty and thought I would have a go at repairing it. It seemed like the designers had a field day adding all sorts of crazy circuits because they could. The ADC is made up of discrete IC’s, there is a custom logic chip in there as well as a CPU, ROM and RAM, there are numerous power supplies for bias and control circuits all floating around each other and most things seemed much more complicated than they need to be. The one real surprise though was the opto isolation in the analogue domain.Once working it does appear to work very well so my initial thoughts are not really founded on anything other than my own instinct to want things to be easier to understand and better as a result. Agilent were less that helpful here, the manuals they put out now days specifically have the detailed schematics removed from the documents despite there being a reference to them in the index.If you find yourself needing to repair one of these, be prepared to commit serious bench space to the exercise. I have taken a bunch of photo’s if the teardown so you can see what all the bits look like. At a guess I would say there was some kind of big static or high voltage discharge into or across the outputs that caused the original fault. I had to isolate the various areas of the circuit and work on them individually, making assumptions about what should be present in terms of voltage levels and feed in lots of external signals to get to the bottom of each fault.I had removed the output wiring from the front panel to make it easy to work on. Strapping 1000uF across the output solved the problem. E giusto bocciare i circuiti stampati a prescindere. Lo abbiamo chiesto a chi ci mette la firma sopra. E giusto bocciare i circuiti stampati a prescindere. Lo abbiamo chiesto a chi ci mette la firma sopra. Ancora oggi, nell'era dei microchip che racchiudono circuiti dalla complessita unica e delle schede stampate che regnano sovrane in qualunque dispositivo tecnologico avanzato, i musicisti guardano con sospetto l'amato-odiato PCB. Letteralmente Printed Circuit Board, la famigerata scheda verde con piste e componenti elettronici sparsi e stata vista per lungo tempo come una seconda scelta rispetto a metodi di assemblaggio piu tradizionali quali turret board e point to point. Alcuni produttori offrono tutt'ora queste metodologie di assemblaggio piu datate per i propri articoli di fascia alta, e i cultori giurano che un prodotto cosi realizzato suonerebbe meglio del corrispettivo identico su PCB. L'inevitabile lievitazione del prezzo in tali prodotti per i quali il lavoro manuale e fondamentale - i cosiddetti handwired - sarebbe quindi ampiamente giustificata. A sentire le opinioni degli addetti ai lavori, pero, le cose non sono cosi semplici. Il PCB e oggi uno standard in circuiti di precisione, e capace di trasportare segnali con una purezza eccezionale e sopportare le correnti elevate degli amplificatori valvolari piu potenti. Tuttavia, non tutti i circuiti stampati sono uguali. C'e chi li fa con le proprie mani, chi manda gli schemi di cablaggio ad altre aziende (italiane e non, piu spesso non) pronti da stampare e chi manda semplicemente gli schemi funzionali, per farli sviluppare e realizzare da terzi. E davvero cosi difficile o costoso realizzare da se un PCB. Lo abbiamo chiesto a tre esperti del settore. Risponde Costantino Amici di CostaLab: quando ho cominciato a dedicarmi ai pedali, realizzavo da solo i miei circuiti stampati. E una cosa che si puo fare in tanti modi, dal piu semplice che definirei “casalingo” al piu complicato, altamente industriale. Come per tutte le cose, ci sono molti livelli qualitativi possibili. Inoltre, a parte la fabbricazione fisica dell’oggetto, la parte piu delicata e quella dello sbroglio, cioe la trasformazione dello schema elettrico in un tracciato di piste di rame dove verranno poi saldati i componenti elettronici. Questo lavoro puo essere fatto molto bene o molto male. Un circuito con le piste mal dimensionate o disposte casualmente sul supporto di vetronite puo generare effetti indesiderati, rumori, diafonie ecc. Un circuito stampato realizzato con rame sottilissimo sia per larghezza sia per spessore puo danneggiarsi facilmente, anche solo con una minima sollecitazione. In definitiva, per un lavoro professionale, sbrogliato in modo da non avere alcun problema funzionale e realizzato con una tecnologia industriale, puo costare diverse centinaia di euro, anche per una scheda grande come un pacchetto di sigarette. Il prezzo si riferisce non al singolo PCB, ma appunto a tutto il lavoro e alle competenze che servono per ingegnerizzarlo, come pure al lavoro di attrezzatura che affronta il costruttore per predisporre la preparazione del PCB fisico. Risponde Chicco Bellini di Gurus: le strade sono tre: rivolgersi alla Cina, all'Italia o ad aziende italiane che fanno produrre in Cina e poi fanno il test elettrico in Italia. Noi abbiamo scelto la seconda, ci avvaliamo di uno dei maggiori produttori di PCB in Italia, che ci assicura di essere a norma con tutti gli standard per qualunque Paese del mondo, dal punto di vista tecnico e ambientale. Risponde Guido Michetti di Vinteck: realizzare i circuiti stampati con trasferelli, o fotoincisioni singole, e acido va bene esclusivamente per prototipia. Non e possibile ipotizzare una produzione di serie, anche se su numeri limitati, quindi parliamo anche solo di decine di pezzi e non di migliaia. Attualmente e possibile mandare il circuito da fornitori asiatici, far occupare loro dello sviluppo del master dello stampato e anche dell’assemblaggio. Io, personalmente, continuo a lavorare con fornitori italiani. Ho dei professionisti con i quali collaboro che sviluppano il master, su mie precise direttive, ci si confronta sul risultato e alla fine porto il tutto a stampare da un produttore italianissimo, che produce in loco con un livello qualitativo sopra la media. In passato mi e capitato invece di scoprire che un mio fornitore che dichiarava di produrre in Italia in realta aveva spostato la produzione da dei terzisti in Cina. Fortunatamente me ne sono accorto subito, su una scheda minore, dove era evidente che non era stato fatto il test elettrico (un test di verifica circuitale) ed e venuto fuori l’arcano. Ovviamente non lavoro piu con lui. Dopodiche le schede vanno da un terzista che le assembla con il materiale che fornisco io direttamente, per avere sempre il controllo sulla componentistica, e quindi in laboratorio, dove il prodotto viene assemblato e collaudato. Dei colleghi, che si occupano di elettronica industriale, per abbattere i costi invece scelgono la via prima descritta. Ma, anche se la situazione e migliorata rispetto al passato, se non si ha del personale che effettui un controllo qualitativo in loco, si ritrovano con un livello di scarto superiore al 30. A quel punto il beneficio economico viene a essere completamente abbattuto. In breve: produrre in Cina costa realmente molto meno, ma se non ci sono dei numeri alti di produzione e se non si e strutturati per poter realmente verificare la produzione, si rischia solo di realizzare dei prodotti scadenti con un risparmio sulla produzione risibile. Se ti piace, se lo consulti spesso, se lo trovi utile puoi contribuire con una donazione anche piccola con PayPal: ci aiuterai a renderlo sempre migliore, a vantaggio di tutti i musicisti italiani. April 21, 2011 Construction Technology eSUB Construction Software Releases New Project Summary Dashboards The new Project Summary Dashboards provide information about a project’s risk and profit on one screen.Another occurrence is a project simply has leftover ready GCP Applied Technologies Inc. American Honda Motor Co. All rights reserved. They are calculated using the standards set forth in ASTM E1155, which is the Standard Test Method for Determining F F Floor Flatness and F L Floor Levelness Numbers. The American Concrete Institute indicates acceptable ranges for flatness and levelness in ACI 302.1, Guide for Concrete Floor and Slab Construction. Architectural specifications will identify the acceptable FF and FL numbers for the project so architects must understand the limitations of concrete slab installation. This was measured by laying a 10-foot straightedge on the finished floor and measuring the greatest gap below the straightedge. This method worked quite well for decades. However, the method also proves to be unreliable and is prone to errors since no two people will ever get the same measurement.More recent warehouse technologies like air-pallet jacks and new technologies developed for TV studios have since created the need for even flatter floors. As the technologies developed, very flat and super flat floors were needed. Large slabs require hundreds of measurements to achieve F F and F L numbers — 34 measurements are taken for each 1,000 square feet of concrete slab. The gathered measurements are then entered into a mathematical formula to derive the overall F-numbers. While it is likely that two people will come up with different measurements when using the straightedge method, two people using modern measuring devices should end up with very similar F-numbers. Levelness depicts how closely the finished floor matches the intended slope indicated in the design documents.