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dideco cell saver manualYou may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. To start viewing messages, select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below. Sign in Forgot Password. My Bench Close Sign In Not A Member. Sign Up Join MedWrench OK name type Receive Summary Emails. It is manufactured by the Dideco unit of Sorin Biomedical in Italy. It is no longer manufactured and was retired in 2009. FORUMS View All (1) Ask a New Question 0 Replies -lausero 6 years ago 6 years ago dideco compact-A error Please review our Privacy Policy for more details. All Rights Reserved. Budou se evidovat zalohy prijate v hotovosti. Jak to je se stornem. Jak pozadat o autentifikacni udaje Porucha zarizeni, vypadek internetu atd.Jak budou postupovat organy Financni spravy CR a Celni spravy CR v pripade zbozi nakoupeneho v ramci kontrolnich nakupu ? ? Co se stane v pripade vypadku internetoveho pripojeni ? ? Co je to mezni doba odezvy. Jake jsou udaje zasilane Financni sprave.As a result of electa dideco. Sorin Group Italia Quality System complies with. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2005 Mar;37(1):58-9. Quality of red blood cells using the Dideco Electa autotransfusion device. Melo A(1), Serrick CJ, Scholz M, Singh O. Please see pictures for details, Device in a very good technical condition. Year of manufactured 2003. Ref: 10140-500 YOM 2016 The. SHOWING 1-3 OF 3 REFERENCES Quality of red blood cells using autotransfusion devices: a comparative analysis. Cyril J Serrick, M. Scholz, A. Melo, O. Singh, D. Noel Medicine 2003 56 View 2 excerpts, references background Save Alert Research Feed Electa Autotransfusion Cell Separator. The Reference Point in Autotransfusion. Instructions for use Manual Use of the Haemonetics centrifuge to conserve blood during heart surgery 1974 Related Papers Abstract Tables and Topics 17 Citations 3 References Related Papers The Allen Institute for AI Proudly built by AI2 with the help of our Collaborators using these Sources.http://mpti.ru/userfiles/breville-juicer-manual.xml
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And by having access to our ebooks online or by storing it on your computer, you have convenient answers with Sorin Extra Manual. To get started finding Sorin Extra Manual, you are right to find our website which has a comprehensive collection of manuals listed. Our library is the biggest of these that have literally hundreds of thousands of different products represented. I get my most wanted eBook Many thanks If there is a survey it only takes 5 minutes, try any survey which works for you. Blood was collected intraoperatively and washed using three different wash sets in 4 groups. Both collected and washed blood were analysed for hemoglobin levels and hematocrit, concentrations of proteins, albumin, heparin and plasma free hemoglobin (PFH) were determined, erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes were counted. Keywords: autotransfusion, cell saver, red blood cells Introduction The first commercially available red blood cell-salvaging device was manufactured by the Haemonetics Corporation in 1974 1. The new system is using a modified disposable bowl set for easier and faster setup and improved performances. This study examines the clinical performance of the new device. Blood was collected throughout the whole cardiac procedure. At the end of the surgical procedure, after the residual volume was transferred into the collection reservoir and a sufficient amount of blood volume was available in the reservoir to ensure complete filling of the selected bowl for at least one cycle, processing of the collected volume was initiated. Wash sets and default programs In this study, the 225ml, the 175ml and the 125ml wash sets were used to process the collected volume. For processing, a manufacturer’s in-built default program can be chosen. The optimal default program (Popt) was used for the each wash set. This program uses two different pump speeds during the filling phase. Compared to the traditional standard default program, the wash volume and wash speed were reduced.http://28jaya.com/userfiles/breville-juicer-plus-manual.xml Prior to blood processing, the collection reservoir was carefully shaken to provide a homogenous sample, representing average values in the reservoir. A volume between 100 and 200ml was pumped into the bowl before taking a sample. Using a 20ml syringe, 18ml of blood was slowly aspirated at the sample port close to the collection reservoir. However, a vacuum was used only in the citrate tube (blue cap) to obtain an exact ratio between blood and citrate (4.5ml and 0.5ml, respectively) for anti-Xa detection to determine heparin levels. Two heparin tubes (green cap) were cautiously filled with 4.0ml of blood each, after removal of their caps to prevent induction of hemolysis. One tube was used to determine hemolysis by measuring free hemoglobin. The other heparin tube was used to determine albumin and total protein levels. A fourth EDTA-tube (purple cap) was filled with 4ml of blood for hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), red blood cell (RBC), platelet and leukocyte counts, without the use of vacuum. The second sample in each procedure was taken from the re-infusion bag. After running the first full cycle, red blood cells were collected in the re-infusion bag. Also, the red blood cell line to the re-infusion bag was emptied in order to collect the complete volume of RBCs of the first cycle in the re-infusion bag. After gently mixing the RBC volume, an 18ml sample was slowly aspirated from the sample port in a 20ml syringe. Immediately after filling, all samples were transferred to the laboratory to ensure immediate processing. In short, patient samples are incubated with excess coagulation factor Xa and antithrombin. The heparin present in the sample (or wash solution) binds the factor Xa that is no longer capable of cleaving a chromogenic substrate. The unbound factor Xa is still capable of cleaving the substrate that will release para-nitroallanine (pNA).https://www.becompta.be/emploi/3m-1700-overhead-projector-manual The amount of pNA formed and measured spectrophotometrically is inversely linear to the amount of heparin (or anti-Xa activity) present in the sample, irrespective of the amount of (active) Xa or antithrombin present in the sample, due to the excess added. Light is absorbed by hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin, and residual light is detected by a sensor opposite the light source. Blood volume management During cardiopulmonary bypass, a closed circuit was used. The final residual volume of the heart-lung machine consisted, in most cases, between 500 and 1000ml of autologous blood, after pumping residual volume as much as possible into the patient prior to arterial decannulation to prevent unnecessary loss of coagulation proteins as a result of washing large blood volumes. A volume between 300 and 500ml was handed over to the anesthesia nurse as infusion volume during the administration of protamine. The remaining residual volume was pumped into the collection reservoir by flushing the heart-lung machine circuit with at least 1.5 liters of saline. During each case, all procedure parameters were registered on clinical research forms and a complete procedure report was printed. Results Xtra data In Table 2, the data from 62 patients are shown. In Table 3, the volumes of processed and recovered red blood cells are shown, both of the first cycle (1 st cycle volume and RBC 1 st cycle) and of the whole procedure (total processed and total RBC). Also, the time to run the first cycle and the RBC production speed are shown. Within a specific default program, different parameters are responsible for the cycle time, namely, the hematocrit of the blood volume entering the bowl, the fill, wash and empty speed and the wash volume. Except for hematocrit, all other speeds and volumes are preset in the default program by the manufacturer.http://www.amedar.com/images/brain-age-manual.pdf Hematocrit In Table 4, the average hematocrit of the processed volume in the first cycle and the average hematocrit of the volume in the re-infusion bag are shown. The highest hematocrit can be achieved with the 225ml wash set, using the Popt default program. Recovery and elimination rates The highest recovery is achieved in the 125ml bowl, also with the highest standard deviation. Open in a separate window Figure 1. Red blood cell recovery. The trend in eliminating total proteins is similar to the elimination of albumin. Elimination of heparin, as shown in Figure 4, was between 98 and 100 in all patients. The elimination of PFH was expected to follow the same trend as the elimination of plasma protein removal. However, this was not confirmed in this study ( Figure 5 ). In Figure 6, the elimination rates of platelets are shown. Open in a separate window Figure 2. Elimination of proteins. Open in a separate window Figure 3. Elimination of albumin. Open in a separate window Figure 4. Elimination of heparin. Open in a separate window Figure 5. Elimination of plasma free hemoglobin. Open in a separate window Figure 6. Elimination of platelets. Open in a separate window Figure 7. Elimination of white blood cells. This new software version is presently under evaluation. The hematocrit values and the red blood cell recovery rate show a high reproducibility in each bowl size due to the presence of a double buffy coat sensor. The improved technology emphasizes the importance of an efficient recovery, especially in the presence of higher hematocrit values. However, in this study we used the same device for all measurements and any error in pump rotation volume will be constant for all measurements. The elimination of plasma contaminants, proteins and heparin is according to expectations. With regard to PFH removal, we were not able to generate reliable results.https://www.grandeprairie.org/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/16280979584a09---bt-6210-manual.pdf Elimination of PFH is expected to follow the same trend as the removal of plasma proteins and albumin, although this was not shown in this study. Nevertheless, the results on PFH removal are presented in this paper, but they should be interpreted with caution. Although the different steps in PFH measurements were studied with regard to their influence on hemolysis, further attention is required for the validation of PFH measurements with regard to sampling, sample handling, sample turn-around-time, centrifugation time and centrifugation speed. Similarly, the platelet and leukocyte elimination rates should be interpreted with caution. The cell count was disturbed by structures that were counted as platelets causing a difference in the two measurements. Determination of real platelet numbers was performed in 3 cases by measuring anti-CD61 marker, a protein that can be expressed on platelets. These measurements showed that the real platelet count could be up to 40 less than the measured values by the cell counter method. The determination of leukocyte numbers seemed more accurate, but also leukocyte counts showed a difference between cell count and impedance measurement. During surgery, this means that recovered blood can be processed faster, without affecting the quality of the procedure. The perceived benefit of the dual fill speed of the P opt default program is an increased hematocrit. However, the effect on hematocrit, while comparing the result of the two programs for the 225ml bowl, seems limited in this study. A potential risk of a high hematocrit in the bowl is a lower red cell recovery, due to loss of red cells in the wash phase. According to the author, an ideal program for processing blood in cardiac surgery might comprise dual fill speeds, a slower wash speed, a reduced wash amount and a faster empty speed than the present Popt program.www.crea-solution.com/ckfinder/userfiles/files/cardin-s466-manual.pdf The user interface and data management system provide export options and can record data that fulfill the present requirements 4. Footnotes Funding: This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Conflict of Interest Statement: None declared. References 1. Watson-Williams EJ.Haemonetics Advanced Pheresis Seminar, Haemonetics Research Institute. Melo A, Serrick CJ, Scholtz M, Singh O, Noel D.J Extra Corpor Tech. Serrick CJ, Scholz M, Melo A, Singh O, Noel D.J Extra Corpor Tech. Yarham G, Clements A, Oliver M, et al. Why or why not?Our mission is to create a smarter world by simplifying and accelerating the learning process. Terms and Conditions. You can find out more about our use of cookies in About Cookies, including instructions on how to turn off cookies if you wish to do so. By continuing to browse this site you agree to us using cookies as described in About Cookies. I accept The Cochrane Library Trusted evidence. Informed decisions. Better health. Scolaris Search Portlet Scolaris Search Portlet Basic Search Title Abstract Keyword Record Title Abstract Author Keyword All Text Publication Type Source DOI Accession Number Trial Registry Number Cochrane Group Cochrane Topic You will see translated Review sections in your preferred language. Sections without translation will be in English. English Espanol Cancel Save A randomised study of 90 patients. Safety and therapeutic effectiveness of reinfused shed blood after open heart surgery. Blood salvage after total hip arthroplasty. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. Investigation of the use of drained blood reinfusion after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomised controlled study. A randomised trial of intraoperative autotransfusion during aortic surgery. Autotransfusion of washed shed mediastinal fluid decreases requirement for autologous blood transfusion following cardiac surgery: A prospective randomized trial.http://www.davidwoodpersonnel.com/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/1628097adf2d8e---bt-7610-user-manual.pdf Autotransfusion with cell saver for off?pump coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized trial. Autologous blood transfusion for major vascular surgery using the Sorenson Receptal Device. Reduction of blood utilization during myocardial revascularization. A randomized comparison with homologous blood. Postoperative autologous transfusion in cardiac surgery. A prospective, randomised study. A prospective randomized trial. Evaluation of autologous shed blood for autotransfusion after orthopaedic surgery. A randomized trial on the efficacy of an autologous blood drainage and transfusion device in patients undergoing elective knee arthroplasty. Processed autotransfusion and homologous red cell requirement in elective cardiac and orthopaedic surgery: a randomised prospective study. The impact of intraoperative autotransfusion on cardiac surgery. Postoperative collection and reinfusion of autologous blood in total knee arthroplasty. Reinfusion of mediastinal blood after heart surgery. Effect of postoperative reinfusion systems on hemoglobin levels in primary total hip and total knee arthroplasties. A prospective randomized study.Blood?saving effectiveness of preoperative reservation of autoblood for surgical treatment of ischaemic heart disease. A randomized, controlled study after knee replacement. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.Effects of autotransfusion of mediastinal shed blood on biochemical markers of myocardial damage in coronary surgery. Haematological effects of postoperative autotransfusion in spinal surgery. Closed wound drainage in total hip or total knee replacement. A prospective, randomized study. Prospective randomized evaluation of blood salvage techniques for primary total hip arthroplasty. Is it worth the effort?. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. Autotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood after cardiac surgery. A prospective study.http://discoveryenglish.org/wp-content/plugins/formcraft/file-upload/server/content/files/1628097a90876e---Bt-8528-telephone-user-manual.pdf Autotransfusion of shed blood contributes additionally to blood saving in patients receiving aprotinin (2 million KIU). The effect of postoperative wound drainage reinfusion in reducing the need for blood transfusions in elective total joint arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized study. Influence of early re?infusion of autologous shed mediastinal blood on clinical outcome after cardiac surgery. Postoperative blood salvage in total hip and knee arthroplasty. Post?operative blood salvage with autologous retransfusion in primary total hip replacement. Allogeneic versus autologous blood during abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Blood conservation in small adults undergoing valve surgery. Comparison of the effects of a cell saver and low dose aprotinin on blood loss and homologous blood usage in patients undergoing valve surgery. Autotransfusion following cardiac operations: a randomized, prospective study. A prospective randomised controlled study. Autotransfusion decreases blood usage following cardiac surgery. A prospective, controlled study of 30 patients. Autologous blood transfusion: the benefits to the patient undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Autotransfusion of drainage blood in arthroplasty. A prospective, controlled study of 31 operations. Autotransfusion: quality of blood prepared with a red cell processing device. Autotransfusion in cardiac surgical patients after operation. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 1997; 41:995?1001. Google Scholar Schmidt H, Lund JO, Nielsen SL. Autotransfused shed mediastinal blood has normal erythrocyte survival. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 1997; 14 (1):103. Prospective randomised evaluation of a new cell saving device in elective aortic reconstruction. Recovery of intraoperatively shed blood in aortoiliac surgery: comparison of cell washing with simple filtration. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1996; 62 (3):717?23.www.kappapma.com/userfiles/files/cardimax-fx-7402-manual.pdf Google Scholar Additional references Jump to: included studies excluded studies Baker 2009 Baker RA. Lancet 2000; 356 (September,16):955?6. Google Scholar Bryson 1998 Bryson GL, Laupacis A, Wells GA. Does acute normovolemic hemodilution reduce perioperative allogeneic transfusion. A meta?analysis. The International Study of Perioperative Transfusion. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1998; 86 (1):9?15. Google Scholar Carson 1998 Carson JL, Terrin ML, Barton FB, Aaron R, Greenburg AG, Heck DA, et al. A pilot randomized trial comparing symptomatic vs.Transfusion 1998; 38 (6):522?9. Google Scholar Carson 2002 Carson JL, Hill S, Carless P, Hebert P, Henry D. Transfusion triggers: a systematic review of the literature. Transfusion Medicine Reviews 2002; 16 (3):187?99. Google Scholar Cook 1991 Cook SS, Epps J. Transfusion practice in central Virginia. Transfusion 1991; 31 (4):355?60. Google Scholar Coyle 1999 Coyle D, Lee KM, Fergusson DA, Laupacis A. Economic analysis of erythropoietin use in orthopaedic surgery. Transfusion Medicine 1999; 9 (1):21?30. Google Scholar Davies 2006 Davies L, Brown TJ, Haynes S, Payne K, Elliott RA, McCollum C. Cost?effectiveness of cell salvage and alternative methods of minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion: a systematic review and economic model. Health Technology Assessment 2006; 10 (44):1?228. Google Scholar Der Simonian 1986 DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta?analysis in clinical trials. Cochrane Collaboration. Oxford. United Kingdom. Oxford.United Kingdom.(UK): Cochrane Collaboration, 1996. Google Scholar Faught 1998 Faught C, Wells P, Fergusson D, Laupacis A. Adverse effects of methods for minimizing perioperative allogeneic transfusion: a critical review of the literature. Transfusion Medicine Reviews 1998; 12 (3):206?25. Google Scholar Fergusson 1999a Fergusson D, Walraven C, Coyle D, Laupacis A. Economic evaluations of technologies to minimize perioperative transfusion: a systematic review of published studies. International Study of Peri?operative Transfusion (ISPOT) Investigators. Transfusion Medicine Reviews 1999; 13 (2):106?17. Google Scholar Fergusson 1999b Fergusson D, Blair A, Henry D, Hisashige A, Huet C, Koopman?van Gemer A, et al. Technologies to minimize blood transfusion in cardiac and orthopedic surgery. Results of a practice variation survey in nine countries. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 1999; 15 (4):717?28. Google Scholar Fergusson 2008 Fergusson DA, Hebert PC, Mazer CD, Fremes SE, MacAdams C, Murkin JM, et al. A comparison aprotinin and lysine analogues in high?risk cardiac surgery. New England Journal of Medicine 2008; 358 (22):2319?31. Google Scholar Forgie 1998 Forgie M, Wells P, Laupacis A, Fergusson D. Pre?operative autologous donation decreases allogeneic transfusion but increases exposure to all red cell transfusion.Archives of Internal Medicine 1998; Vol. 158:610?6. Google Scholar Glynn 2000 Glynn SA, Kleinman SH, Schreiber GB. Trends in Incidence and Prevalence of Major Transfusion?Transmissible Viral Infections in US Blood Donors, 1991 to 1996. Journal of the American Medical Association 2000; 284 (2):229?35. Google Scholar Hadjianastassiou 2002 Hadjianastassiou VG, Virich G, Lennox IA. Use of the blood transfusion service in total knee replacement arthroplasty. The cost implications. Knee 2002; 9 (2):145?8. Google Scholar Hebert 1999 Hebert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, Marshall J, Martin C, Pagliarello G, et al. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care Investigators: Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. New England Journal of Medicine 1999; 340 (6):409?17. Google Scholar Henry 2007 Henry DA, Carless PA, Moxey AJ, O'Connell D, Stokes BJ, McClelland B, Laupacis A, Fergusson D. Anti?fibrinolytic use for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. The Cochrane Collaboration 2009; Version 5.0.2. Google Scholar Hill 2003 Hill SR, Carless PA, McClelland B, Henry DA, Henderson KM, Carson J, et al. Transfusion thresholds and other strategies for guiding alogeneic red blood cell transfusion. Transmission of BSE by blood transfusion in sheep. Lancet 2000; 356 (September 16):999?1000. Google Scholar Huber 1997 Huber TS, McGorray SP, Carlton LC, Irwin PB, Flug RR, Flynn TC, et al. Intraoperative autologous transfusion during elective infrarenal aortic reconstruction: A decision analysis model. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997; 25:984?94. Google Scholar Huet 1999 Huet C, Salmi LR, Fergusson D, Koopman?van Gemert AW, Rubens F, Laupacis A. A meta?analysis of the effectiveness of cell salvage to minimize perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion in cardiac and orthopedic surgery. International Study of Perioperative Transfusion (ISPOT) Investigators. Annual Review of Public Health 1995; 16:253?82. Google Scholar Lackritz 1998 Lackritz EM. Prevention of HIV transmission by blood transfusion in the developing world: achievements and continuing challenges. AIDS 1998; 12 Suppl A:S81?6. Google Scholar Laupacis 1997 Laupacis A, Fergusson D. Drugs to minimize perioperative blood loss in cardiac surgery: meta?analyses using perioperative blood transfusion as the outcome. Anesthesia and Analgesia 1997; 85 (6):1258?67. Google Scholar Lenfant 1992 Lenfant C. Transfusion practice should be audited for both undertransfusion and overtransfusion. Transfusion 1992; 32 (9):873?4. Google Scholar McFarland 1997 McFarland W, Mvere D, Shandera W, Reingold A. Epidemiology and prevention of transfusion?associated human immunodeficiency virus transmission in sub?Saharan Africa. Vox Sanguinis 1997; 72 (2):85?92. Google Scholar Oliver 2002 Oliver AM. Strategies for handling a potentially diminished blood supply. The potential shortage. Transfusion Medicine 2002; Vol. 12:1?12. Google Scholar Ray 1999 Ray MJ, Brown KF, Burrows CA, O'Brien MF. Economic evaluation of high?dose and low?dose aprotinin therapy during cardiopulmonary bypass. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999; 68 (3):940?5. Google Scholar Regan 2002 Regan F, Taylor C. Blood transfusion medicine. BMJ 2002; 325 (7356):143?7. Google Scholar Schulz 1995 Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, Altman DG. Empirical evidence of bias. Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials. JAMA 1995; 273 (5):408?12. Google Scholar Semmens 2000 Semmens JB, Lawrence?Brown MM, Miles LE, Hellings MJ. Anesthesiology 2000; 93 (1):242?55. Google Scholar Surgenor 1990 Surgenor DM, Wallace EL, Hao SH, Chapman RH. Collection and transfusion of blood in the United States, 1982?1988. New England Journal of Medicine 1990; 322 (23):1646?51. Google Scholar Wallace 1993 Wallace EL, Surgenor DM, Hao HS, An J, Chapman RH, Churchill WH. Collection and transfusion of blood and blood components in the United States, 1989. Transfusion 1993; 33 (2):139?44. Google Scholar Whyte 1997 Whyte GS, Savoia HF. The risk of transmitting HCV, HBV or HIV by blood transfusion in Victoria. The method used to conceal treatment allocation was not described. The mean age of randomised subjects was 68.5 years. Interventions Group 1: Autotransfusion group (Bellovac autotransfusion system) had one deep drain inserted at the end of the operation. The drain was opened in the recovery room 20 minutes after the tourniquet was released. If blood collected in the reinfusion drain was more than 150mls it was transfused back into the patient unwashed and a new bag was then attached to the drain. The process was repeated if the amount of blood collected again exceeded 150mls. Group 2: Control group (Redivac standard suction drain) had their collected blood discarded. Low risk The software program MINIM was used to randomise patients to intervention or control. Allocation concealment. Unclear risk The method used to conceal treatment allocation was not described. Blinding? All outcomes High risk Adalberth 1998 Methods Concealment of treatment allocation was by use of sealed envelopes. Method of generating allocation sequences was not described. Group 2: Solcotrans autotransfusion system collected blood for 6 hours or until the unit was full. Acid citrate dextrose?anticoagulant (ACD?A) was not added to the collection unit. Continuous suction was applied at 20cm H2O. High risk Randomisation was carried out with sealed envelopes, opened just before closure of the wound. Method used to generate allocation sequences was not described. High risk Sealed envelopes were used to conceal treatment allocation. Blinding? All outcomes High risk Altinel 2007 Methods Patients undergoing bi.The drain fluid was collected during the first 6 hours. Collected blood was transfused at the end of the 6th hour. Reinfusion was performed using a standard 40um blood filter between the collection bag and the intravenous site. After the 6 hours any blood collected from the reinfusion drain was discarded. Group 2: Control group received standard care without autotransfusion. Outcomes Outcomes reported: number of patients transfused allogeneic blood, blood loss, hospital length of stay, adverse events. Unclear risk Method used to generate allocation sequences was not described. Unclear risk Method used to conceal treatment allocation was not described. Blinding? All outcomes High risk Amin 2008 Methods Between May 2005 and December 2005, 178 patients were entered into the study. In a pre?assessment clinic patients were randomly assigned into two groups by sealed envelopes. The drain was opened 20 minutes after tourniquet release. The shed blood was returned to the patient after collecting up to 500mls and no later than 6 hours after surgery. A maximum of 1200mls was retransfused. Group 2: Control group (standard vacuum drain) had blood collected in the vacuum drains discarded. Outcomes Outcomes reported: number of patients transfused allogeneic blood, hospital length of stay, adverse events. Blinding? All outcomes High risk Axford 1994 Methods Between June 1988 and August 1989, 103 patients who gave informed consent to participate in the study underwent cardiopulmonary bypass. Of the initial 103 patients, 71 were excluded from the study. Method of randomisation and allocation concealment was not described. A?5005?ATS) had their mediastinal shed blood collected in a polyvinyl chloride blood bag containing an inline 200um nylon mesh filter by means of a closed system with ?20cmH2O suction applied. This collection system contained no anticoagulant and none was added. Mediastinal shed blood was transfused without washing by detaching the autotransfusion replacement bag and reinfusing the blood through a standard 40um screen blood filter (Pall SQ40S) via a peripheral intravenous line. Group 2: Control group received either autologous packed cells if available or allogeneic packed red blood cells (standard citrate?phosphate?dextrose ADSOL?preserved cross?matched packed RBCs units stored at 4 degrees celsius for up to 42 days). Notes Transfusion threshold: the decision to transfuse a patient post?operatively was made by the clinician who was responsible for the patient's post?operative care, and who was not involved in the study. Any patient who bled more than 400ml in the first 4 hours post?operatively and who met any of these criteria underwent transfusion. Risk of bias Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement Adequate sequence generation. Unclear risk Method used to concealment treatment allocation was unclear. Blinding? All outcomes High risk Ayers 1995 Methods The study was conducted between October 15, 1991 through to January 1, 1993. All patients were advised to donate blood pre?operatively.