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comma inside quotation marks chicago manual of styleAll Rights Reserved Home Grammar Does Punctuation Go Inside Quotation Marks. Does Punctuation Go Inside Quotation Marks. Whether you’re writing dialogue or citing information in a paper, it’s natural to wonder about quotation mark rules. Does punctuation go inside quotation marks. The answer depends on the type of punctuation you are using. This simple break-down, including American and British rules, and quick reference guide will help. Quick Reference Guide for Punctuation and Quotation Marks The following table shows how to place your punctuation in relation to the closing quotation mark in a passage or sentence. This is a general guideline. For more specific rules and exceptions, see below. Punctuation Mark General Rule on Placement Example Sentence Period Inside quotation marks She said, “I got lost on the way to the park.” Comma Inside quotation marks “I’ll trade you three blue beads for that feather,” Lola said. Question mark Inside quotation marks The girl picked up the cat and said, “Don’t you want to wear this doll dress, Kitty?” Exclamation point Inside quotation marks “Hey!” Ella yelled. “That’s my donut, not yours!” Colon or semicolon Outside quotation marks The report listed “one primary reason native speakers frequently mix up punctuation”: the rules are difficult to remember. Parenthesis Outside quotation marks Under her breath, Sophie muttered, “I sure hope she appreciates this.” (She was tired of helping her sister clean her room.) Punctuation Almost Always Inside Quotation Marks Wondering whether to put a period inside or outside quotes. The correct choice is almost always inside. In American usage, commas and periods at the end of quotes always go inside the quotation marks. In British usage, they can go either inside or outside. American style guides, such as Associated Press (AP), Modern Language Association (MLA), and The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago), all follow the American rule when it comes to commas and periods.http://ecoverexpert.com/userfiles/digital-voice-editor-manual-espa-ol.xml
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And you should note that commas and periods go before closing quotation marks, regardless of whether they are single or double quotes. If you include the punctuation in the quoted section, this may cause the user to input the punctuation as well as the actual word or phrase. In this case, put the punctuation outside the quotes, as in these examples: My user ID is “IM47g”. Did you try the password “mycatisawesome”. Punctuation That Varies in Placement In American English, the general rule for question marks and exclamation marks (or points) is this: If the quoted material ends with a question mark or an exclamation mark, the punctuation should be inside the quotation marks. However, if the question mark or exclamation mark is not directly part of the quote, then the punctuation should go outside the quotation marks. Punctuation That Goes Outside Quotation Marks There are certain punctuation marks that always go outside quotation marks. Here, both American and British English follow the same rule. Basic Style Guide Rules The following are rules for punctuating inside closing quotation marks according to the standard American style guides: MLA: Commas and periods directly following quotations always go inside closing quotation marks. Question marks can vary depending if the question is part of the quote, then the punctuation mark goes inside the quotation marks. If the question is not part of the direct quote, it goes outside. AP: All punctuation goes inside the closing quotation marks. This includes commas, periods, question marks, and exclamation points. Chicago: Periods and commas always go inside quotation marks. Question marks and exclamation points that are part of the original quote are included inside quotation marks. Proper Use of Punctuation Knowing whether punctuation goes inside or outside of closing quotation marks is an important rule to learn and follow. With some practice, you will soon be punctuating your quotations with ease.http://fstinternational.com/files/digital-voice-recorder-ds-330-manual.xml Using punctuation properly can make your writing more credible and convey what you intend to portray to the reader more easily. Please advise where this misbegotten rule came from. In its first eleven editions, CMOS advised writing “the three R’s,” after which it became “the three Rs.” But the intent of the rule has remained the same: use an apostrophe wherever it is needed to prevent a misreading. And as anyone who got A’s in chemistry (or knows their Agatha Christie) might tell you, sometimes an apostrophe can spell the difference between a letter grade and a poison. Assuming a direct question, the question mark is usually stronger. That sort of inattention to accuracy is inexcusable.” The author has asked me to write a response to this for Amazon. This reviewer seems to think Chicago style is teaching kids bad punctuation habits. Thanks for your help. The Chicago Manual of Style now recommends these familiar two-letter forms over the traditional abbreviations. So we recommend not only “DC” rather than “D.C.” but also, for example, “IL” rather than “Ill.” Chicago’s preference for “US,” on the other hand, accords with established usage for other countries (the UK, the former USSR, the PRC) and for most other initialisms and acronyms that take full capitals (NASA, UN, DNA). It is true that many publications still favor the more traditional forms with periods, and those are not wrong. But it would be wrong to suggest that kids can’t learn to appreciate the details that make reading (and editing) so interesting. But to invoke the spirit of CMOS if not the letter, you might keep in mind that any kind of emphasis tends to lose its effectiveness if overdone. This is essentially our stance on exclamation points (see CMOS 6.71 ), advice that’s equally applicable to doubled question marks. Write It Down. Watch It Happen. Are the periods in the subtitle appropriate, or are commas preferred. The periods are driving me crazy, so it would be nice if there were a Chicago rule to say yea or nay. But for better or for worse, they’re part of the title’s personality, so it’s probably best to leave them as they are. If the title appears midsentence, omit the final period or change it to a comma, depending on the syntax. Try to think of the whole thing as a unit and just avert your eyes. That is nondebatable.) I say NO WAY. I think the hash marks are not to be confused with an end-quote mark. Please!!! Please!!! Can someone help me out here? For example, in this quote, the quoting author has inserted ellipses. Would every instance of ellipses therefore be bracketed? “Make manifest the nature of the Moral-Mental-Physical Conflict;... discern a Pattern for Successful Operations;... help generalize Tactics and Strategy;... find a basis for Grand Strategy.” It gets tricky if the same document quotes from an original that has an ellipsis in it. That means there are two kinds of ellipses, and they need to be distinguished somehow. And that’s when brackets are used for the author’s own ellipses. (Sometimes it’s a good idea to explain this method to your readers.) An alternative is to skip the brackets and write “(ellipsis in original)” when needed. I’m quoting two sentences of some existing material for an example, but I don’t want to include the entire second sentence. The software allows users to...’ ” Should there be a period at the end of that quote. Inside the quotation marks or outside. I’ve been staring at it for far too long and have come to no conclusion. This is covered at CMOS 13.55 (“Ellipses at the Ends of Deliberately Incomplete Sentences”). What say you? We’re suffering over the word so. Under what circumstances can one put a comma after so. For example, in this transcript, a woman says: “So great answer.” Is so functioning conjunctively here, or can it be treated as an interjection. And what, if anything, does that mean for comma placement?http://floreswindows.com/images/cominolli-manual-safety-review.pdf To deduce the part of speech, you have to know the intonation and pacing. Was the speaker referring to a “so great answer” with no break between so and great. An ellipsis or dash might be even better. But if you don’t have a recording, there’s no way to decide the punctuation, unless you can guess from the context. To see search results from any of these areas of The Chicago Manual of Style Online, click on the appropriate tab.My personal preference is for quotation marks. And, yes, commas inside the quotation marks are required in a serial list like this. The confusing thing is that the block quote from Romeo is being spoken by a character in the novel out loud. For instance, if the character in the novel quoted just a short line from Romeo, we'd use single quotation marks since the doubl In the last sentence you have, there's an extra comma outside the quotation marks that should be deleted.That would be enough to tip me toward quotation marks. If it were British, there would be single quotation marks. Ah, yes, forgot about this one. Go Computer commands are one of the few exceptions where breaking Yes, my block quotation is set with indentation in my document. I did not find anything regarding the use of quotation marks within block quotations in 13.9, though I did find a proper example of this in 13.23. Thank you. However, in the case that I am discussing, the quoted materia. Please upgrade your browser to improve your experience. Thus, in the following sentence, the comma is placed after taught: In other words, in the predigital era, when fonts were fixed-width, setting a period or comma outside the quotation marks would have created an unsightly gap: Digital typographers can close up the gap: But if you are preparing a paper for a class or for publication in the United States, place periods and commas inside quotation marks. For a 30-day free trial of CMOS Online, click here.) Other style guides may have different rules and guidelines. American punctuation rules have significant differences from those practiced in the UK, Canada, and other English-speaking countries. Please use the comments feature below. ( Spoiler alert: Commenters may discuss the workout and their answers!) Share this: Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window) Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) More Click to email this to a friend (Opens in new window) Tags: Chicago style, copyediting, featured, punctuation, Quiz What software are you using for the questions? Thanks, as always, for the fun workout (strength training). You’re a good sport. Must ride! Quarantine... sigh... coffee! Perfection really is a work of art...... perfection takes its sweet time. Now where was I?... Train With Editors Canada Categories. All rights reserved. Work Capabilities Strategy Studio Insights Blog About Contact Blog - No-nonsense guide: How to use quotation marks Editorial development, Grammar and style No-nonsense guide: How to use quotation marks Brittany Williams on March 10, 2017 Punctuation can be a pain. The 2016 AP Stylebook dedicates 11 dense pages to explaining its intricacies—and the Chicago Manual of Style ’s punctuation chapter (yes, chapter) stretches across more than 40 pages. Quotation marks are a common victim of abuse. We offer a handy list of no-nonsense rules that, as with our other posts on grammar and style, are the perfect passive-aggressive thing to send to a coworker who thinks every word is ironic enough to warrant quotation marks. Let me repeat that for those in the back: put the commas and periods inside the quotation marks. “I really appreciate a well-formed sentence,” he announced. “It gives me all the feels.” If the quoted material ends in a question mark or an exclamation point, don’t add a period. “Timber!” (NOT “Timber!.”) Other ending punctuation Put other marks (dashes, exclamation points, question marks, and semicolons) inside the quotation marks if they apply to the quoted matter but outside if they apply to the whole sentence. Twain wrote, “If books are not good company, where will I find it?” BUT Was it Twain who wrote, “Always obey your parents when they are present”. Quotes within quotes This is where single quotation marks come into play. When you’re placing quotes within quotes, alternate between double and single quotation marks. Note that the comma comes before the single quotation mark, and there is no space between the single quotation mark and the double quotation mark. Introductory punctuation Commas and colons can be used to introduce quoted materials. He wrote, “The economy’s growth trajectory is strong.” His book is summarized in its first sentence: “Our economy has nothing to fear from environmental regulation.” No introductory punctuation Often, quoted material flows directly from your introductory text and no punctuation is needed. Though he offered little evidence of their crimes, his call to “round up all the scoundrels, lock them up, and throw away the key” has riled the public. Shakespeare coined the phrases “brevity is the soul of wit” and “good riddance,” among many others. Emphasis Do not use quotation marks to emphasize a word. Just don’t. It’s wrong. The strength of your words should make any formatting unnecessary, but if you really want to emphasize something, use boldface or italics. Underlining damages readability, and caps lock is inappropriate in running text (and too yell-y). Irony You can, however, use quotation marks around a word or words used in an ironical sense. The “fund-raiser” was really a scam to line the alderman’s own pockets. This is un-American and should be avoided at all costs. Want to learn more? We read the style guides so you don’t have to. Check out our definitive guide to hyphens, em dashes, and en dashes, learn what bogus writing rules you can ditch, and spruce up your writing with four of our favorite schemes. Brittany Williams Brittany is the editorial director at Leff. She is passionate about helping clients tell their stories through incisive, fact-based narratives. Every once in awhile, she takes a break to muse on rhetorical devices, grammar, and content strategy on the Leff Communications blog. Brittany Williams 2017-03-10T14:23:02-06:00 Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. All rights reserved. Learn more about our use of cookies: cookie policy ACCEPT. This rule still holds for professionally edited prose: what you’ll find in Slate, the New York Times, the Washington Post— almost any place adhering to Modern Language Association (MLA) or AP guidelines. But in copy-editor-free zones—the Web and emails, student papers, business memos—with increasing frequency, commas and periods find themselves on the outside of quotation marks, looking in. A punctuation paradigm is shifting. I certainly can. Conan O’Brien, for example, recently posted: Unfortunately, in this case “darndest” means “incriminating”. I scanned four random posts in Metafilter.com (about Sony Playstation’s hacking problems, the death of Phoebe Snow, the French police, and cool dads) and counted nine comments with periods and commas outside, seven inside. The punctuation-outside trend jibes with my experience in the classroom, where, for the past several years, my students have found it irresistible, even after innumerable sardonic remarks from me that we are in Delaware, not Liverpool. As a result, I have recently instituted a one-point penalty on every assignment for infractions. The current semester is nearing its end, but I am still taking points away. I offer two reasons, one small and one big. The small one is a byproduct of working with computers, and writing computer code. In these endeavors, one is often instructed to “input” a string of characters, and sometimes (in the printed instructions) the characters are enclosed in quotation marks. Sticking a period or comma in front of the closing quotation marks could clearly have bad consequences. So, for example, the Chicago Manual of Style (16 th edition), which otherwise endorses the American way— “This is a traditional style, in use well before the first edition of this manual (1906)”—makes an exception in the case of computer instruction, illustrated by: Indeed, since at least the 1960s a common designation for that style has been “logical punctuation.” The best way to grasp this is to look at an example, such as what Slate commenter Dean Hamer wrote under a recent article about PBS and NPR: Insinuating a period or comma within the unit alters it in a rather underhanded manner. Dean Hamer would pass muster in any U.S. newspaper or magazine, for example, if he were to write: I am a big fan of “Tales of the City”; did anyone else see “Ask Not”? According to Rosemary Feal, executive director of the MLA, it was instituted in the early days of the Republic in order “to improve the appearance of the text. A comma or period that follows a closing quotation mark appears to hang off by itself and creates a gap in the line (since the space over the mark combines with the following word space).” I don’t doubt Feal, but the appearance argument doesn’t carry much heft today; more to the point is that we are simply accustomed to the style. This was omitted from his record to avoid “undue unpleasantness for both the selectee and the induction service”. In keeping with its do-the-right-thing ethos, Wikipedia encourages discussion of, well, everything; the frequently heated back-and-forth about logical punctuation is here. It amounts to 124,000 words and, in printable form, 160 single-spaced pages.That is, the vast majority of the legion of logical punctuators are not consciously rejecting illogical American style, or consciously imitating the British. Rather, they follow their intuition because they don’t know the American rules. They don’t know the rules because they don’t read enough. Don’t read enough edited prose, that is; they read plenty of Facebook posts and IMs that make these same sorts of mistakes. Imagine Jane Austen starting a book today with the sentence, “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife.” Her editor would take both commas out. But despite the love it gets from the masses, logical punctuation isn’t likely to break through to the rule-keepers any time soon. The old way is just too established. When I asked Feal and Carol Saller, who oversees the Chicago Manual of Style, if there was a chance their organizations would go over to the other side, they both replied, in essence: “How about never. Is never good for you?” What’s likely is a more and more pronounced separation between official and unofficial practice. That is, prose published by established entities will follow the traditional rules, while everyone else will follow logic. As a wise man once said, “You pays your money, and you takes your choice”. Join Slate Plus to continue reading, and you’ll get unlimited access to all our work—and support Slate’s independent journalism. You can cancel anytime. Subscribe to get unlimited access. All rights reserved.If you value our work, please disable your ad blocker. And you'll never see this message again. Because the quoted material is set off from the main text, it is not necessary to use quotation marks. Style varies, but at a minimum a block quotation should have a bigger left-hand margin than the main text. In contrast to the main text, a block quotation might also have a bigger right-hand margin, be in a smaller or otherwise different font, or have reduced line spacing. He will put some things behind, will pass an invisible boundary; new, universal, and more liberal laws will begin to establish themselves around and within him; or the old laws be expanded, and interpreted in his favor in a more liberal sense, and he will live with the license of a higher order of beings. The Chicago Manual of Style suggests 100 words or more as a general rule, but offers many factors other than length to be considered. It is also the mark most commonly used to introduce a block quotation. Not too much. Mostly plants.” A very short quotation may also be introduced without punctuation. The unpunctuated lead-in is most commonly used with run-in quotations, but it is also appropriate for introducing block quotations that flow directly from the introductory text. When the material being quoted contains a quotation within a quotation (i.e., something in single quotation marks), use double quotation marks. In this case, it is necessary to set the translation off with commas. Also, any punctuation otherwise required by the structure of the sentence is placed outside the single quotation marks. Technically, the mark designating feet is a prime; the mark designating inches is a double prime. These marks are available in most word processors, though many people simply use single and double quotation marks: 5’ 10”. We will continuously update it in order to provide a place where authors can easily find exhaustive responses to their questions. Your compliance with the house style and the article conventions will facilitate a speedy publication. Please read this documentation attentively. If your article does not comply with the editorial guidelines or editorial guidance, we reserve the right to reject it at any point of the editorial process. Writing Style The Leonardo Electronic Almanac follows the Chicago Manual of Style for references. Chicago Manual of Style, 16th edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010. Quotation Marks and Referencing Double inverted commas are used for quoting. At the end of a sentence, there is a space between the punctuation mark and the reference number. If a question is in quotation marks, the question mark should be placed inside the quotation marks. Here the question is outside the quote. NOTE: Only one ending punctuation mark is used with quotation marks. Also, the stronger punctuation mark wins. Therefore, no period after war is used. Rule 3: When you have a question outside quoted material AND inside quoted material, use only one question mark and place it inside the quotation mark. Note that the period goes inside all quote marks. Rule 6: Do not use quotation marks with quoted material that is more than three lines in length (60 words). These quotes will be indented by the designer. Single Quotation Marks LEA, since it follows the Chicago Manual of Style, discourages the use of single quotation marks; nevertheless, they may be necessary from time to time. Below is a short explanation of how to use them and of their punctuation. Use single quotation marks for specialized terms. In much specialist writing, including linguistics, philosophy, and theology, terms with particular meanings that are unique to that subject are often enclosed in single quotation marks. For example: Many people do not realize that 'cultivar' is synonymous with 'clone.' The inner margins of a book are called the 'gutter.' An example of an apple is 'Jonathon,' of a grape, 'Chardonnay,' and of the Gallica rose, 'Rosa Munda.' It is important not to confuse your readers by including too many of these little punctuation marks, though, so be sure they are essential to your argument if you use them. The Endnotes and References Endnotes and references: how do they work. LEA uses endnotes and references at the end of the article. The style of the references is the Chicago Manual of Style. Please check the style for notes on LEA’s site here. Sheila Faria Glaser (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1994), 98. (This is a reference. They should also include an explanation and credit if necessary. Used with permission. Artwork files should be named similarly, with the addition of the figure number. Also check the article conventions for more information on all required material for your submission. A table is made of text and lines dividing that text. Any artwork must have a caption. Please write captions including an appropriate credit line for each Figure or Table. Insert the captions into the body of your article, choosing a preferred placement. Please note: although we will endeavor to respect your choice of placement, we cannot ensure it. Please follow the instructions carefully. This will allow the designer to know which image is which in relation to the captions and to the placement. Being thorough with this process will avoid lengthy email exchanges and confusion that will delay the publication of the issue. Image Sizes The size of your images should be as stated below once your article has been approved for publication. DO NOT send large images with your first submission. Please note it is your responsibility to clear copyright for all the images you are using. A single full page image should be at least 18.5 cm (width) x 26 cm (height), and must be 300 dpi minimum,.TIFF preferred, but there should ALWAYS be a.JPG copy of the image for early online publication. A double spread (an image on two adjacent pages) should be at least 36.2 cm (width) x 26 cm (height), and must be 300 dpi minimum. LEA is a print and online publication, and in order for your images to be printed they have to be at a high resolution. If your essay is highly visual, we can review from 5 to 20 images (we prefer to have a selection to choose from). Please agree with the editors about how many you will send ahead of time. We will provide you with a Dropbox folder where you can share your material. Thanks We are aware that this can be a painful process, and we have tried to simplify it as much as we can, providing as much information as possible as clearly as possible. We hope you will find this helpful. We kindly ask you to punctiliously follow the in-house style and all other recommendations since this will speed up the editing, proofreading, and typesetting of your paper. Papers that do not comply and require extensive revisions will be rejected. Why ask that here?? I thought the point was that everyone should be able to know them and use them. The Chicago Manual of Style is a book, not a style guide (as you find in companies). Any named reference book has a copyright. You would never ever but them after a colon. This isn't dialogue or quoting a person. And I reckon that rule is the same in most places where English is the official language. When matter ending with a colon is quoted, that colon is dropped: There is no need for scare quotes in that sentence, since there is nothing unusual or inaccurate about your usage. Provide details and share your research. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Browse other questions tagged punctuation quotation-marks colon style-manuals or ask your own question. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. Place the punctuation outside the closing quotation marks if the punctuation applies to the whole sentence. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our terms and conditions of fair use. Reading The Chicago Manual of Style while on deadline is different from curling up with it for a leisurely read. If you haven’t had time for the latter, not to worry. Apostrophe: Forming Possessives of Words Ending in S (or an S Sound) I’m going to focus on the difference between how The Associated Press Stylebook and The Chicago Manual of Style handle possessives for words ending in s or an s sound. In short, is it Carlos’ stylebook or Carlos’s stylebook. Both AP and Chicago styles take pronunciation into account, handling new syllables formed by back-to-back sibilants in their own way. The style that many of us are accustomed to—simply adding an apostrophe after the s (e.g., moss’ growth ) regardless of how the words sound—is a “formerly more common” alternative practice, according to Chicago, one which it does not recommend. But just between you and me, you can use this shoot-from-the-hip style in personal e-mail, where you are also free to forgo capitalization completely. (This may or may not be a test.) Whereas quote marks can face left or right, apostrophes only face one way. The punctuation mark that most often gets mixed up with the apostrophe, by my estimation, is the single quotation mark. General Rules for Forming Possessives Plural Common Nouns Ending in S AP and Chicago: Add an apostrophe—jinx.Charlaine Harris’ books the Joneses’ competition Chicago: Add apostrophe- s if singular, and add an apostrophe if plural. Socrates’s tea the Obamas’ garden Les’s moor Nouns Plural in Form, Singular in Meaning AP and Chicago: Add an apostrophe.Descartes’ thoughts Chicago: Add apostrophe- s. Camus’s existence the debris’s cloud Special Case: Singular Common Nouns Ending in S or an S Sound, Followed by a Word Beginning With S AP: Add apostrophe.Exception: Company Names With Apostrophe- S AP: Use as is.