84mm carl gustav manual
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84mm carl gustav manualIntroduced in 1946, it was one of the many recoilless rifle designs of that era. While similar weapons have generally disappeared from service, the Carl Gustaf is still being made and remains in widespread use today. The Carl Gustaf is a lightweight, low-cost weapon that uses a wide range of ammunition, which makes it extremely flexible and suitable for a wide variety of roles.The result was superior accuracy at longer ranges.It reduced the weight even further by replacing the forged steel tube with a thin steel liner containing the rifling, strengthened by a carbon fiber outer sleeve. The external steel parts were also replaced with plastics and aluminium alloys.The British Special Air Service, United States Army Special Forces and United States Army Rangers use M3s in bunker -busting and anti-vehicle roles, while the German Bundeswehr maintains a small number of M2s for battlefield illumination.The Gustaf allows airburst capability of troops in defilade out to 1,250 meters, and high explosive use out to 1,300 meters. While the weapon provides enhanced effectiveness, its 9.5 kg (21 lb) weight burdens troops. On 28 March 2013, USSOCOM announced a call for sources to develop a kit to lighten the M3 MAAWS and reduce overall length without affecting handling or ruggedness. By that time, Saab was developing a weight-reduced version prior to the SOCOM release that demonstrated no decrease in performance, no increase in recoil, and nearly equivalent barrel life that could be ready for government testing in 2014.Compared to the M3 MAAWS, the M4 is 3.4 kg (7.5 lb) lighter, weighing 6.6 kg (15 lb), and shorter with a 950 mm (37 in) overall length. The shorter length was in response to the need to wield the weapon in urban terrain, and weight savings were achieved through using lighter components whenever possible including a carbon fiber tube with titanium liner, as well as a new venturi design.Note the firing position and backblast.http://geneolock.com/locktactyuma/userfiles/defcon-game-manual.xml
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The weapon is fitted with iron sights, but is normally aimed with the attached 3? optical sight with a 17 degree (300 mil ) field of view. The most modern variants fielded by Swedish rifle companies have been fitted with the Swedish Aimpoint sighting system. Luminous front and rear sight inserts are available for the iron sights when aiming at night, and an image intensification system may also be used.The weapon is normally operated by a two-man crew, one carrying and firing the weapon, the other carrying ammunition and reloading.While the older HEAT rounds are not particularly effective against modern tank armor, the weapon has found new life as a bunker-buster with an HEDP round. In addition, improved HEAT, high explosive (HE), smoke and illumination (star shell or flare ) ammunition is also available. For full effectiveness, illumination rounds have to be fired at a very high angle, creating a danger for the gunner as the backblast from firing can burn him. For this reason, several armies have retired the illumination rounds, while the U.S. Army requires that they be fired from a standing position.Effective range is 1,000 m against dispersed soft targets such as infantry in the open, 500 m against stationary targets and 300 m against moving targets. Minimum range is 15 to 40 m to arm the warhead. Penetration exceeds 150 mm of rolled homogeneous armour (RHA).Effective range is up to 700 m (400 m against moving targets) and penetration up to 400 mm of RHA.In theory, it has less penetration than the FFV551, but it includes a stand-off probe for the fuse to improve performance against reactive armour. It is primarily used by United States Special Operations Command such as the Army Rangers, Army Special Forces, Marine Raiders, Navy SEALs, and JSOC operators. A market survey in 1987 indicated that the Carl Gustaf M3 was the best candidate for satisfying RAAWS requirements.http://www.triumphsportprijzen.nl/uploads/defcon-cl-user-manual.xml On 29 September 1988, the M3 was selected as the RAAWS from candidate proposals submitted in response to the market survey compiled by ARDEC. A subsequent review of the contractor-supplied fatigue test data determined that the data did not meet U.S. Army requirements. Benet Laboratories conducted fatigue test of two tubes to establish an interim safe service life for the weapon. Tests were conducted in 1993. The manufacturer’s recommended life for the weapon was 500 rounds, but bore surfaces showed no indications of erosion until 2,360 rounds. The U.S. Navy SEALs became interested in the program and moved it to a Joint Integrated Product Team.This was because RPG and machine gun teams could attack 900 meters away, while existing weaponry such as the M141 Bunker Defeat Munition, M72 LAW, M136 AT-4, and MK153 SMAW have effective ranges of only 500 meters.An updated M3 using titanium makes the weapon system six pounds lighter, 2.5 inches shorter and has an improved carrying handle, extra shoulder padding and an improved sighting system that can be adjusted for better comfort. For the new, improved, lighter, titanium employing weapon, first displayed in 2014, the name everyone uses is: M4, except for the US. In the US the Army designation for the US version of the improved M4 mentioned above was given the name: M3-E1.The M3E1 is part of the Product Manager Crew Served Weapon portfolio. A key benefit of the M3E1 is that it can fire multiple types of rounds, giving soldiers increased capability on the battlefield. By using titanium, the updated M3E1, based on the M3A1 introduced in 2014, is more than six pounds lighter. The M3E1 is also 2.5 inches shorter and has an improved carrying handle, shoulder padding and an improved sighting system that can be adjusted for better comfort without sacrificing performance. The wiring harness was included in the M3E1 configuration that provides a foregrip controller and programmable fuze setter for an interchangeable fire control system. For added safety and cost savings, an automatic round counter enables Soldiers and logisticians to accurately track the service life of each weapon.In addition to infantry use, the Marines are considering it to replace the Mk 153 SMAW in combat engineer squads. The weapons perform similar functions and the improvements incorporated into the new M3E1 place it in the same size and approximate weight class as the SMAW. While the SMAW weighs 2.5 lb (1.1 kg) less when loaded, the MAAWS has a greater variety of ammunition available and a maximum effective range of 1,000 meters, twice that of the SMAW.Note the significant back-blast. The Howa 84RR is a Japanese-made version of the Carl Gustaf. CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) Retrieved 27 June 2013.. CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link ) Retrieved 2016-12-07. Retrieved 29 October 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2017. October 2010. Archived from the original on 10 April 2011. Retrieved 24 April 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2019. Retrieved 29 December 2018. Archived from the original on 2010-08-22. Retrieved 2010-06-12. Cambridge University Press. p. 110. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-01-28. Retrieved 2018-08-29. Archived from the original on 18 July 2017. Retrieved 18 July 2017. Retrieved 15 November 2011. Retrieved 2018-02-14. Retrieved 2010-05-12. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Discover everything Scribd has to offer, including books and audiobooks from major publishers. Start Free Trial Cancel anytime. 84mm Carl Gustav Manual Uploaded by GasMaskBob 67 (6) 67 found this document useful (6 votes) 12K views 171 pages Document Information click to expand document information Description: Manual for the M3 Carl Gustav 84mm anti-tank recoilless rifle.http://dhirarchitects.com/images/845wn-motherboard-manual.pdf Report this Document Download Now Save Save 84mm Carl Gustav Manual For Later 67 (6) 67 found this document useful (6 votes) 12K views 171 pages 84mm Carl Gustav Manual Uploaded by GasMaskBob Description: Manual for the M3 Carl Gustav 84mm anti-tank recoilless rifle. Full description Save Save 84mm Carl Gustav Manual For Later 67 67 found this document useful, Mark this document as useful 33 33 found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful Embed Share Print Download Now Jump to Page You are on page 1 of 171 Search inside document Browse Books Site Directory Site Language: English Change Language English Change Language. Changes to illustrations are indicated by miniature pointing hands or black verticallines. Dates of issue for original and changed pages are: Original.0.1995-09-30 Zero in Change No. Column indicates an original page. The system can utilize a wide variety of ammunition types including: high explosive anti-tank (HEAT), high explosive dual purpose (HEDP), high explosive (HE), smoke, and illumination rounds. Full and subcaliber training systems are also available. The Carl Gustav M3 recoilless rifle and the supporting family of ammunition were manufactured by SAAB Defense and Security (Bofors and FFV Ordnance merged in 1991; Bofors was later purchased by Celsius, which was in turn purchased by SAAB, becoming first SAAB Bofors Dynamics and then SAAB Defense and Security). The primary mission is to defeat lightly armored vehicles, soft skinned vehicles, personnel in the open or defilade, and field fortifications. Secondary missions include marking threat targets with smoke for supporting weapons, obscuring threat weapons and illuminating threat targets. It is employed by Army Rangers and Navy SEALS during special operations missions, infiltration, exfiltration, raids, ambushes and defensive operations. The Armaments Research, Development and Engineering Center (ARDEC) negotiated a loan agreement with FFV for 9 M3 weapons for an Army Development and Employment Agency (ADEA) appraisal. Army Materiel Command's DCS for International Cooperative Programs provided International Materiel Evaluation funds used to purchase ammunition for the M3, including High Explosive Anti-Tank, High Explosive, Smoke, illumination, target practice, and 7.62mm ammunition for the subcaliber device for the Carl-Gustaf M3. Army Materiel Command's US Army Special Projects Support Authority (USA SPSA) based at Fort Belvoir, Virginia, procured 3 night sights to be used with the M3 during ADEA's appraisal. The ADEA M3 appraisal, held from April to August 1988 using Ranger personnel, was favorable. The US Army Special Operations Agency concluded the ADEA appraisal satisfied the Operational Test requirements for RAAWS. In July 1988, the Headquarters, Department of the Army issued a message that constituted a Department of the Army Requirements Document, after receipt of an Operational Need Statement from the 75th Ranger Regiment in May 1988, endorsed by the 1st Special Operations Command (SOCOM). The M3 was selected as the RAAWS on 29 September 1988 from candidate proposals submitted in response to market survey compiled by ARDEC. The RAAWS Type Classification-Generic package was signed on 6 February 1989. The RAAWS' Test and Evaluation Master Plan and Integrated Logistics Support Plan were both approved on 6 June 1989. The AT-4 weapon jump pack was to be used for the RAAWS. Replacement parts for 50 of M3 weapons would beA response was received on 1 August 1989 in a memorandum indicating that the Army did not consider EUCs to be in the US Government's best interest, that the Department of the Army had requested EUC policy guidance from the office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), and that ARDEC's request was denied until further guidance was provided by OSD. If the EUC was still required at that time and the signature authority was not provided, the program could not proceed.On 20 October 1989, test hardware was delivered to TECOM and testing began. Other RAAWS test activities included evaluations at Dugway and Yuma Proving Grounds and White Sands Missile Range. The RAAWS was to be Type Classified Limited Production Urgent and the production contract was to be awarded at the completion of the test as of FY89. Fielding to the first unit was scheduled for the fourth quarter of FY90. The first contracted systems were delivered in 1990. Therefore, it was determined that Benet Laboratories should conduct a fatigue test of 2 tubes in accordance with the International Test Operations Procedure (ITOP) 3-2-829 in order to establish an interim safe service life for the weapon. Normal procedure for fatigue life testing required that the tubes be fired prior to laboratory hydraulic cycling in order to produce metallurgical damage, i.e., small cracks at the bore surface (heat checking) that initiate the fatigue process. Since the manufacturer's recommended life for the weapon was 500 rounds, it was decided that the 2 tubes selected for fatigue testing (Serial numbers 14002 and 14003) would each be fired with 500 rounds by FFV at the Hugelsta Proving Ground, Sweden, and then shipped to Benet Laboratories for hydraulic fatigue testing. These rounds were not used in the calculation of the interim safe service life of the weapon because they were fired below the extreme service condition pressure. The stresses calculated by the finite element analysis were in close agreement with those measured in the composite jacket during testing. These stresses were low compared to the normal tensile strength of the type of material tested. The bore surfaces showed no indications of erosion after firing 500 rounds. The interim fatigue life resulting from these tests was one-third of the lowest number of cycles or 2,360 rounds. This was over 4 times the recommended life of 500 rounds. However, if a fatigue life greater than 500 rouuds was to be established, the tests recommended that 4 additional weapons (for total of 6) be tested to establish a full safe service life. Tests and further evaluation were subsequently conducted to support Naval Special Warfare Command's fielding of the MAAWS. It was used to address trajectory differences between HEAT, HE, and HEDP rounds. The PFCD contained a dual function knob that could be used to select round type and range. The original fire control device from Bofors was a 2-cam design, which could address only the trajectories of the HEAT and HE rounds. A second knob with a third cam was provided for the HEDP firing. The idea of switching knobs was not favorable by the Rangers and Picatinny was tasked to design a 3-cam fire control device to replace the factory supplied unit. The purchase was in response to an Urgent Need Statement from the 3rd Brigade Combat Team, 10th Mountain Division in Afghanistan, and the 126 launchers were to go to that unit and also to elements of the 82nd Airborne Division preparing to deploy to that country. By January 2012, several MAAWS were in use by US Army elements in Afghanistan as part of a limited operational assessment to determine how the weapon would be best integrated into forces there. USSOCOM was considering a weight reduction of the system. The overall weight reduction would be at a minimum 3 pounds, with a desired weight reduction of 5 pounds. The weight reduction would need to be accomplished without affecting the overall center of gravity of the rifle. In addition, a overall length reduction of approximately 3 inches is sought. The lightening of the weapon was required to not affect its safety or ruggedness when exposed to the rigors normally associated with military operations, including air delivery and salt water submersion. A fully developed kit with production configuration would be delivered no later than 16 months from the onset of performing the desired tasks. Site maintained by: John Pike. It focuses on specific employment considerations pertaining to combat in urban areas, and it addresses both organic infantry weapons and combat support weapons. Leaders at all levels must consider the following factors in various combinations. Rarely do rounds impact perpendicular to these flat surfaces; rather, they impact at some angle of obliquity, which reduces the effect of a round and increases the threat of ricochets. The tendency of rounds to strike glancing blows against hard surfaces means up to 25 percent of impact-fuzed explosive rounds may not detonate when fired onto rubbled areas. Studies and historical analyses have shown that only 5 percent of all targets are more than 100 meters away. About 90 percent of all targets are located 50 meters or less from the identifying soldier. Few personnel targets will be visible beyond 50 meters and engagements usually occur at 35 meters or less. Minimum arming ranges and troop safety from backblast or fragmentation effects must be considered. Enemy personnel present only fleeting targets. Enemy-held buildings or structures are normally covered by fire and often cannot be engaged with deliberate, well-aimed shots. Depression and elevation limits for some weapons create dead space. Tall buildings form deep canyons that are often safe from indirect fires. Some weapons can fire rounds to ricochet behind cover and inflict casualties. Target engagement from oblique angles, both horizontal and vertical, demands superior marksmanship skills. Added to this is the masking of fires caused by rubble and man-made structures. Targets, even those at close range, tend to be indistinct. Urban fighting often becomes confused melees with several small units attacking on converging axes. The risks from friendly fires, ricochets, and fratricide must be considered during planning. Control measures must be continually adjusted to lower the risks. Soldiers and leaders must maintain a sense of situational awareness and clearly mark their progress IAW unit SOP to avoid fratricide. The enclosed nature of combat in urban areas means the weapon's effects, such as muzzle blast and backblast, must be considered as well as the round's impact on the target. Usually man-made structures must be attacked before enemy personnel inside are attacked. Weapons and demolitions can be chosen for employment based on their effects against masonry and concrete rather than against enemy personnel. They may burn easily, but usually retain their structural integrity and remain standing. Once high-rise buildings burn out, they are still useful to the military and are almost impossible to damage further. A large structure can take 24 to 48 hours to burn out and become cool enough for soldiers to enter. Table 7-1 lists the frequency of occurrence of building types worldwide. A mousehole is usually a minimum of 24 inches high by 30 inches wide in size. A breach hole is normally 50 inches high by 30 inches wide in size. Breaches made through existing apertures, for example doors and windows, normally do not require additional size enhancement. These weapons, along with the M249 light machine gun, are used to kill enemy personnel, to suppress enemy fire and observation, and to penetrate light cover. Leaders can use tracer fire to designate targets for other weapons. Riflemen must be able to hit small, fleeting targets from bunker apertures, windows, and loopholes. This requires pinpoint accuracy with weapons fired in the semiautomatic mode. Killing an enemy through an 8-inch loophole at a range of 50 meters is a challenge, but one that may be common in urban combat. To suppress defenders while entering a room, a series of rapid three-round bursts is fired at all identified targets and likely enemy positions. This technique is more effective than firing long bursts into a room with fully automatic fire. Soldiers should fire aimed shots from an underarm or shoulder position, not unaimed fire from the hip. The use of aiming stakes in the defense and the pointing technique in the offense, both using three-round bursts, are night firing skills required of all infantrymen. The individual laser aiming light can sometimes be used effectively with night vision goggles (NVGs). Any soldier using NVGs should be teamed with at least one soldier not wearing them. The M16A2, M4, and M249 achieve greater penetration than the older M16A1, but only at longer ranges. At close range, the weapons perform the same. Single 5.56-mm rounds are not effective against structural materials (as opposed to partitions) when fired at close range—the closer the range, the less the penetration. At ranges less then 25 meters, penetration is greatly reduced. At 10 meters, penetration by the M16 round is poor due to the tremendous stress placed on this high-speed round, which causes it to yaw upon striking a target. Stress causes the projectile to break up, and the resulting fragments are often too small to penetrate. Even with reduced penetration at short ranges, interior walls made of thin wood paneling, Sheetrock, or plaster are no protection against 5.56-mm ball ammunition rounds. Common office furniture, such as desks and chairs, cannot stop these rounds, but a layer of books 18 to 24 inches thick can. Wooden frame buildings and single cinder block walls offer little protection from 5.56-mm rounds. When clearing such structures, soldiers must ensure friendly casualties do not result from rounds passing through walls, floors, or ceilings. Armor-piercing rounds are slightly more effective than ball ammunition in penetrating urban targets at all ranges. They are more likely to ricochet than ball ammunition when the target presents a high degree of obliquity. The best method for breaching a masonry wall is by firing short bursts (three to five rounds) in a U-shaped pattern. The distance from the gunner to the wall should be minimized for best results—ranges as close as 25 meters are relatively safe from ricochet. Ballistic eye protection, protective vest, and helmet should be worn. Ball ammunition and armor-piercing rounds produce almost the same results, but armor-piercing rounds are more likely to fly back at the shooter. The 5.56-mm round can be used to create either a loophole (about 7 inches in diameter) or a breach hole (large enough for a man to enter). When used against reinforced concrete, 5.56-mm rounds cannot cut the reinforcing bars. They provide final protective fire along fixed lines and can be used to penetrate light structures—the caliber.50 machine gun is most effective in this role. Tracers from both machine guns are likely to start fires. Although machine guns should be emplaced at the lowest terrain level possible, grazing fire at ground level is often obstructed by rubble. If necessary, it can be mounted on the M3 tripod for use in the ground role or in the upper levels of buildings. When mounted on a tripod, the caliber.50 machine gun can be used as an accurate, long-range weapon and can supplement sniper fires. Medium machine guns are cumbersome, making them difficult to use inside while clearing a building. They are useful outside to suppress and isolate enemy defenders. If the gunner is unable to engage targets from the prone position, he can fire the M240B and the M60 from either the shoulder or the hip to provide a high volume of assault and suppressive fires. The use of the long sling to support the weapon and ammunition is preferred. The gun's availability and its lighter weight make it well suited to augment heavy machine gun fire. They can be used in areas where the caliber.50 machine guns cannot be positioned, or they can be used as a substitute when heavy machine guns are not available.It can penetrate a single sandbag layer at 200 meters, but not a double layer. The armor-piercing round does only slightly better against sandbags. It cannot penetrate a double layer but can penetrate up to 10 inches at 600 meters. Most urban targets are closer. The longest effective range is usually 200 meters or less. Table 7-3 explains the penetration capabilities of a single 7.62-mm (ball) round at closer ranges. For hard targets, obliquity and range affect caliber.50 penetration. Both armor-piercing and ball ammunition penetrate 14 inches of sand or 28 inches of packed earth at 200 meters, if the rounds impact perpendicular to the flat face of the target. Table 7-4 explains the effect of a 25-degree obliquity on a caliber.50 penetration. It can also easily penetrate wooden frame buildings. The caliber.50 round can penetrate all the commonly found urban barriers except a sand-filled 55-gallon drum. Such fire cannot breach thick reinforced concrete structures or dense natural stone walls. Internal walls, partitions, plaster, floors, ceilings, common office furniture, home appliances, and bedding can be easily penetrated by both 7.62-mm and caliber.50 rounds ( Tables 7-5 and 7-6 ). The dust created by the bullet strikes also makes precise aiming difficult. Firing from a tripod is usually more effective than without, especially if sandbags are used to steady the weapon. Short bursts of three to five rounds fired in a U-type pattern are best. Rounds penetrate the cinder block but leave a net-like structure of unbroken block. Excessive ammunition is required to destroy a net since most rounds only pass through a previously eroded hole. One or two minutes work with an E-tool, crowbar, or axe can remove this web and allow entry through the breach hole. This is the most efficient method for producing a loophole. Automatic fire in three- to five-round bursts, in a U-type pattern, is more effective in producing a breach. Ammunition for these weapons is not interchangeable, but the grenade and fuze assembly hitting the target is identical. Both weapons provide point and area destructive fires as well as suppression. The MK 19 has a much higher rate of fire and a longer range; the M203 is much lighter and more maneuverable. The 40-mm grenade has a minimum arming range of 14 to 28 meters. If the round strikes an object before it is armed, it will not detonate. Both the HE and HEDP rounds have 5-meter burst radii against exposed troops, which means the minimum safe firing range for combat is 31 meters. The 40-mm grenades can be used to suppress the enemy in a building, or inflict casualties by firing through apertures or windows. The MK 19 can use its high rate of fire to concentrate rounds against light structures. This concentrated fire can create extensive damage. The 40-mm HEDP round can penetrate the armor on the flank, rear, and top of Soviet-made BMPs and BTRs. Troops can use the M203 from upper stories to deliver accurate fire against the top decks of armored vehicles. Multiple hits are normally required to achieve a kill. It also has a thin wire wrapping that bursts into a dense fragmentation pattern, creating casualties out to 5 meters. Because they explode on contact, 40-mm rounds achieve the same penetration regardless of range. Table 7-7 explains the penetration capabilities of the HEDP round. It splinters plywood and plaster walls, making a hole large enough to fire a rifle through. It is better to have HEDP rounds pass into a room and explode on a far wall, even though much of the round's energy is wasted penetrating the back wall ( Figure 7-1 ). The fragmentation produced in the room causes more casualties than the HE jet formed by the shaped charge. Office furniture sandbags, helmets, and protective vests (flak jackets) also stop them. The M203 dual-purpose weapon has the inherent accuracy to place grenades into windows at 125 meters and bunker apertures at 50 meters. These ranges are significantly reduced as the angle of obliquity increases. Combat experience shows that M203 gunners cannot consistently hit windows at 50 meters when forced to aim and fire quickly. The MK 19 can concentrate its fire and achieve wall penetration. Firing from a tripod, using a locked down traversing and elevating mechanism is best for this role. Brick, cinder block, and concrete can be breached using the MK 19 individual HEDP rounds, which can penetrate 6 to 8 inches of brick. The only material that has proven resistant to concentrated 40-mm fire is dense stone such as that used in some European building construction. No precise data exist as to the number of rounds required to produce loopholes or breach holes with the MK 19; however, the rounds' explosive effects are dramatic and should exceed the performance of the caliber.50 machine gun. They have limited capability against main battle tanks, especially those equipped with reactive armor (except when attacking from the top, flanks, or rear). The light category of recoilless weapons includes the AT4 M136 series; the 84-mm M3 Carl Gustaf recoilless rifle; and the shoulder-launched, multipurpose, assault weapon—disposable (SMAW-D) also known as the bunker defeat munitions (BDM). The medium recoilless weapons are the Javelin and Dragon. Due to the design of the warhead and the narrow blast effect, these weapons are not as effective in this role as heavier weapons such as a tank main gun round. They are lightweight, allowing soldiers to carry several AT4 rounds. Light recoilless weapons can be fired from the tops of buildings or from areas with proper ventilation. As a result, the hole they punch into walls is often too small to use as a loophole. The fragmentation and spall these weapons produce are limited.