4 speed vs 6 speed manual
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4 speed vs 6 speed manualIt uses a driver-operated clutch, usually engaged and disengaged by a foot pedal or hand lever, for regulating torque transfer from the engine to the transmission; and a gear selector that can be operated by hands.Higher-end vehicles, such as sports cars and luxury cars are often usually equipped with a 6-speed transmission for the base model. Automatic transmissions are commonly used instead of manual transmissions; common types of automatic transmissions are the hydraulic automatic transmission, automated manual transmission, dual-clutch transmission and the continuously variable transmission (CVT). The number of forward gear ratios is often expressed for automatic transmissions as well (e.g., 9-speed automatic).Most manual transmissions for cars allow the driver to select any gear ratio at any time, for example shifting from 2nd to 4th gear, or 5th to 3rd gear. However, sequential manual transmissions, which are commonly used in motorcycles and racing cars, only allow the driver to select the next-higher or next-lower gear.A clutch sits between the flywheel and the transmission input shaft, controlling whether the transmission is connected to the engine ( clutch engaged - the clutch pedal is not being pressed) or not connected to the engine ( clutch disengaged - the clutch pedal is being pressed down). When the engine is running and the clutch is engaged (i.e., clutch pedal up), the flywheel spins the clutch plate and hence the transmission.This is a fundamental difference compared with a typical hydraulic automatic transmission, which uses an epicyclic (planetary) design. Some automatic transmissions are based on the mechanical build and internal design of a manual transmission, but have added components (such as servo-controlled actuators and sensors) which automatically control the gear shifts and clutch; this design is typically called an automated manual transmission (or a clutchless manual transmission ).http://vendax.ro/files/bosch-maxx-6-sensitive-manuale.xml
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Operating such transmissions often uses the same pattern of shifter movement with a single or multiple switches to engage the next sequence of gears.The driver was therefore required to use careful timing and throttle manipulation when shifting, so the gears would be spinning at roughly the same speed when engaged; otherwise, the teeth would refuse to mesh.Five-speed transmissions became widespread during the 1980s, as did the use of synchromesh on all forward gears.This allows for a narrower transmission since the length of each countershaft is halved compared with one that contains four gears and two shifters.For example, a five-speed transmission might have the first-to-second selectors on the countershaft, but the third-to-fourth selector and the fifth selector on the main shaft. This means that when the vehicle is stopped and idling in neutral with the clutch engaged and the input shaft spinning, the third-, fourth-, and fifth-gear pairs do not rotate.For reverse gear, an idler gear is used to reverse the direction in which the output shaft rotates. In many transmissions, the input and output shafts can be directly locked together (bypassing the countershaft) to create a 1:1 gear ratio which is referred to as direct drive.The assembly consisting of both the input and output shafts is referred to as the main shaft (although sometimes this term refers to just the input shaft or output shaft). Independent rotation of the input and output shafts is made possibly by one shaft being located inside the hollow bore of the other shaft, with a bearing located between the two shafts.The input shaft runs the whole length of the gearbox, and there is no separate input pinion.When the dog clutches for all gears are disengaged (i.e. when the transmission is in neutral), all of the gears are able to spin freely around the output shaft.http://oliviachang.com/files/bosch-maxx-6-manual.xml When the driver selects a gear, the dog clutch for that gear is engaged (via the gear selector rods), locking the transmission's output shaft to a particular gear set.It has teeth to fit into the splines on the shaft, forcing that shaft to rotate at the same speed as the gear hub. However, the clutch can move back and forth on the shaft, to either engage or disengage the splines. This movement is controlled by a selector fork that is linked to the gear lever. The fork does not rotate, so it is attached to a collar bearing on the selector. The selector is typically symmetric: it slides between two gears and has a synchromesh and teeth on each side in order to lock either gear to the shaft. Unlike some other types of clutches (such as the foot-operated clutch of a manual-transmission car), a dog clutch provides non-slip coupling and is not suited to intentional slipping.These devices automatically match the speed of the input shaft with that of the gear being selected, thus removing the need for the driver to use techniques such as double clutching.Therefore, to speed up or slow down the input shaft as required, cone-shaped brass synchronizer rings are attached to each gear. In a modern gearbox, the action of all of these components is so smooth and fast it is hardly noticed. Many transmissions do not include synchromesh on the reverse gear (see Reverse gear section below).This is achieved through 'blocker rings' (also called 'baulk rings'). The synchro ring rotates slightly because of the frictional torque from the cone clutch. In this position, the dog clutch is prevented from engaging. Once the speeds are synchronized, friction on the blocker ring is relieved and the blocker ring twists slightly, bringing into alignment certain grooves or notches that allow the dog clutch to fall into the engagement.The latter involves the stamping the piece out of a sheet metal strip and then machining to obtain the exact shape required.http://www.drupalitalia.org/node/75603These rings and sleeves have to overcome the momentum of the entire input shaft and clutch disk during each gearshift (and also the momentum and power of the engine, if the driver attempts a gearshift without fully disengaging the clutch). Larger differences in speed between the input shaft and the gear require higher friction forces from the synchromesh components, potentially increasing their wear rate.This means that moving the gearshift lever into reverse results in gears moving to mesh together. Another unique aspect of the reverse gear is that it consists of two gears— an idler gear on the countershaft and another gear on the output shaft— and both of these are directly fixed to the shaft (i.e. they are always rotating at the same speed as the shaft). These gears are usually spur gears with straight-cut teeth which— unlike the helical teeth used for forward gear— results in a whining sound as the vehicle moves in reverse.To avoid grinding as the gears begin to the mesh, they need to be stationary. Since the input shaft is often still spinning due to momentum (even after the car has stopped), a mechanism is needed to stop the input shaft, such as using the synchronizer rings for 5th gear.This can take the form of a collar underneath the gear knob which needs to be lifted or requiring extra force to push the gearshift lever into the plane of reverse gear.Without a clutch, the engine would stall any time the vehicle stopped and changing gears would be difficult (deselecting a gear while the transmission requires the driver to adjust the throttle so that the transmission is not under load, and selecting a gear requires the engine RPM to be at the exact speed that matches the road speed for the gear being selected).In most automobiles, the gear stick is often located on the floor between the driver and front passenger, however, some cars have a gear stick that is mounted to the steering column or center console.EBAVURAGEMETAL.COM/images/4-speed-saginaw-manual-transmission.pdfGear selection is usually via the left foot pedal with a layout of 1 - N - 2 - 3 - 4 - 5 - 6. This was actuated either manually while in high gear by throwing a switch or pressing a button on the gearshift knob or on the steering column, or automatically by momentarily lifting the foot from the accelerator with the vehicle traveling above a certain road speed.When the crankshaft spins as a result of the energy generated by the rolling of the vehicle, the motor is cranked over. This simulates what the starter is intended for and operates in a similar way to crank handles on very old cars from the early 20th century, with the cranking motion being replaced by the pushing of the car.This was often due to the manual transmission having more gear ratios, and the lock-up speed of the torque converters in automatic transmissions of the time.The operation of the gearstick— another function that is not required on automatic transmission cars— means that the drive must use take one hand off the steering wheel while changing gears. Another challenge is that smooth driving requires co-ordinated timing of the clutch, accelerator, and gearshift inputs. Lastly, a car with an automatic transmission obviously does not require the driver to make any decisions about which gear to use at any given time.This means that the driver's right foot is not needed to operate the brake pedal, freeing it up to be used on the throttle pedal instead. Once the required engine RPM is obtained, the driver can release the clutch, also releasing the parking brake as the clutch engages.Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. ( June 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Multi-control transmissions are built in much higher power ratings but rarely use synchromesh.Usual types are:The first through fourth gears are accessed when low range is selected. To access the fifth through eighth gears, the range selector is moved to high range, and the gear lever again shifted through the first through fourth gear positions. In high range, the first gear position becomes fifth, the second gear position becomes sixth, and so on. This allows even more gear ratios. Both a range selector and a splitter selector are provided. In older trucks using floor-mounted levers, a bigger problem is common gear shifts require the drivers to move their hands between shift levers in a single shift, and without synchromesh, shifts must be carefully timed or the transmission will not engage. Also, each can be split using the thumb-actuated under-overdrive lever on the left side of the knob while in high range. L cannot be split using the thumb lever in either the 13- or 18-speed. The 9-speed transmission is basically a 13-speed without the under-overdrive thumb lever.Transmissions may be in separate cases with a shaft in between; in separate cases bolted together; or all in one case, using the same lubricating oil. With a third transmission, gears are multiplied yet again, giving greater range or closer spacing. Some trucks thus have dozens of gear positions, although most are duplicates. Two-speed differentials are always splitters. In newer transmissions, there may be two countershafts, so each main shaft gear can be driven from one or the other countershaft; this allows construction with short and robust countershafts, while still allowing many gear combinations inside a single gear case.One argument is synchromesh adds weight that could be payload, is one more thing to fail, and drivers spend thousands of hours driving so can take the time to learn to drive efficiently with a non-synchromesh transmission. Since the clutch is not used, it is easy to mismatch speeds of gears, and the driver can quickly cause major (and expensive) damage to the gears and the transmission.Since few heavy-duty transmissions have synchromesh, automatic transmissions are commonly used instead, despite their increased weight, cost, and loss of efficiency.Diesel truck engines from the 1970s and earlier tend to have a narrow power band, so they need many close-spaced gears. Starting with the 1968 Maxidyne, diesel truck engines have increasingly used turbochargers and electronic controls that widen the power band, allowing fewer and fewer gear ratios. A transmission with fewer ratios is lighter and may be more efficient because there are fewer transmissions in series. Fewer shifts also make the truck more drivable.Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( June 2020 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message ) Gear oil has a characteristic aroma because it contains added sulfur-bearing anti-wear compounds. These compounds are used to reduce the high sliding friction by the helical gear cut of the teeth (this cut eliminates the characteristic whine of straight cut spur gears ).Retrieved 10 March 2020. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. I am planning to purchase a new car and my shortlisted car has 4 speed automatic and 1.6 litre engine. So my questions are: My search revealed that the 1.3 litre 4 speed automatic version is underpowered even within the city, but I have driven the 5 speed manual one and it was OK. Is it because of the smaller engine or the 4 speed transmission? The car I am considering is: Toyota Corolla Altis 1.6 Below this gear speed your power is low (have you ever tried to accelerate in 5th from stationary?) And above it you hit the speed limitations of the engine. But as the gear ratios are so close it takes a long time to get up to the top speed. All that is important for the top speed is the power and max speed of the engine and the gear ratio of your top gear. Question 3 - far too broad a question to cover here. I'd suggest removing that one (you should only ask one question at a time) The 4th gear may very well top-out. Even changing the final drive ratio in a car changes the functional range, and can even increase the top speed.Not really applicable to normal road cars, which is the general case I am answering here. I ride an old 2 stroke RXZ which has a 5 speed transmission compared to an RX135 which has 4 with the engine and everything else being the same between the 2. The main purpose of it is to keep the engine in its torque band. This is the area where the engine is working at its most efficient (improved gas mileage) and since it doesn't have to build back up to its torque band after a shift (it's already there), it accelerates faster. This means the top speed is going to be about the same. The top end power is what is going to limit you, all other things being equal.Lower fuel consumption means lower emmissions. When you have a vehicle with say 7 speeds, you will find the engine RPM at 70 MPH on the motorway is down to around 1500 RPM. This slower engine speed allows the engine controls to fully optimise power, fuel consumption and the all important emmissions. The slower engine speed gives the designer of the engine more time per revolution to implement a greater degree of control. They are counting in milli-seconds today. A vehicles performance, ie acceleration, is increasingly becoming irrelevant in todays cities. In London(UK) a ten mile journey by car during a working day will take at least an hour. A car for primarily city use today would be better gauged by cost of ownership, annual tax band, insurance band and projected maintenance costs. However, this is easy to check: look up the gear ratios for the gearsets. If all other properties are identical, an identical top gear ratio will give you an identical top speed. The higher number of gears allows the designer to ensure that, after a shift, the engine will return to a productive place on the torque curve (in my car, this means keeping the revs up). It would have to chug up from idle speed, eventually reaching its peak torque somewhere around highway speed, finally running out of breath at top speed. This low end performance is why you want as many gears as possible: they allow you to select the best torque for the situation. If the number of gears is so high and the changing gears time becomes too extreme, you could eventually see a reduction in the cost:benefit ratio of a many gears transmission. However, that doesn't sound relevant to your situation. An automatic in the city, may feel much smoother and may give you better mileage. Depending on how the automatic is programmed, it may be quick to go to a high gear (reducing the revs and therefore the fuel consumed). Earn 10 reputation in order to answer this question. The reputation requirement helps protect this question from spam and non-answer activity.Browse other questions tagged engine automatic-transmission manual-transmission or ask your own question. Should this bias be avoided? There are 16 base models with 11 different wheelbases, two types of All engines are work together with a n e w manual transmission Z F, which ca n b e six - o r ni n e - speed.All 4x2 models are equipped with a 6 - speed manual g e ar box, and later, as an option, was offered an automat ic 5 - speed transmission.Since 1951 all heavy-duty trucks received 105 hp engin e, 4 - speed manual transmission a n d many of them used 2-speed rear axles. In 2009, a hybrid truck LE was presented, equipped with a diesel engine Mack MP7 with output of 325 HP, which meets environmental standards EPA-07, There are 16 base models with 11 different wheelbases, two types of cabins - day and Powermat ic 6 - speed automatic transmission c o ul d be ordered for extra cost.Trucks were equipped with a. OLED TV Which Instant Pot Should You Buy? 4K TV Buying Guide Soundbar buying guide Google Home vs. Amazon Echo Laptop Buying Guide MacBook Pro vs MacBook Air Nintendo Switch vs. Switch Lite: Which is better.Manual transmissions, needing a unique skill set to wield, give drivers more control over shifting, power, and many think it enhances the overall driving experience. The differences in feel and mechanics run deep as we compare manual and automatic transmissions through this guide. Your dad’s first car might have had a steering column- or dashboard-mounted shifter, but in a modern car, the shift lever is almost always mounted vertically on the center console and connected to the transmission via a linkage. Release the clutch, select the desired gear, and engage the clutch again. From a standstill, engaging the clutch too slowly will wear out the disc prematurely, and engaging it too quickly will cause the engine to stall. Driving a stick, you feel a connection to your car that is difficult to reproduce with an automatic transmission. Additionally, motorists who can operate a manual transmission are able to drive virtually any type of automobile, anywhere in the world — including in countries where renting an automatic is easier said than done. Engineering departments added gears as technology improved, and as cars got faster and the need for efficiency increased. The four-speed manual became the norm for decades, then five, and now six. However, some high-end sports cars — like the Porsche 911 — offer seven gears. Browse the local classifieds and you’ll inevitably notice the automatic transmission has become as widespread as power windows and air conditioning. A traditional automatic is connected to the engine via a hydraulic torque converter, and a dual-clutch automatic relies on — you guessed it; nice work — a pair of clutches. Both can change gears without any input from the driver. The process is done hydraulically or electronically by monitoring important parameters such as the position of the throttle pedal, the speed that the car is traveling at, and the engine’s revolutions. In many automatic cars, the gears can be selected manually using either the shift lever or paddles mounted behind the steering wheel. It’s almost impossible to stall the engine with this configuration, and an automatic car tends to be smoother and more comfortable to drive than a stick-shift, especially in stop-and-go traffic. An automatic typically requires less maintenance than a manual as well, though that can vary from model to model. Finally, a dual-clutch automatic gearbox often shifts gears in mere milliseconds for greater performance and efficiency. However, six- seven-, and eight-speed automatics are common today. Honda builds a nine-speed; Ford and General Motors even have a jointly developed 10-speed transmission on the market. More gears mean better acceleration, quieter highway driving, and improved fuel economy. In lieu of gears, a CVT relies on a belt and pulley system that provides an infinite number of ratios. In other words, the transmission never shifts. CVTs are also found in scooters, motorcycles, and snowmobiles. A CVT can improve gas mileage, too, which explains why a lot of hybrid cars are equipped with one. It’s not all pros, though. Some buyers find driving a car with a CVT downright bizarre because it doesn’t shift. The engine tends to drone when it’s bolted to a CVT and cars often deliver rubber band-like acceleration. Not every motorist will appreciate living with a CVT. Our advice is to try before you buy, and make sure you use it in many different scenarios, not just around the block. You may not notice what it’s doing behind the scenes to keep you move it, or you may completely hate it. The Subaru Crosstrek, the Mitsubishi Outlander Sport, and the Honda CR-V are among the models that come with a CVT. Additionally, some performance cars — notably the Subaru WRX — offer a CVT instead of a standard automatic. If you consider yourself an enthusiast — and if your commute isn’t 45 minutes of pure stop-and-go-driving — a car with a manual transmission is more engaging to drive. You might not have a choice, though, because many new cars offer only one type of transmission. More expensive models like the BMW M3, the Porsche 911, and the Jaguar F-Type also come with a manual, though you might have to special-order one. Subaru Outback Digital Trends may earn a commission when you buy through links on our site. It adjusts to the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine so that the gear can handle the speed range and torque outputs. A 4 speed automatic transmission refers to the number of gears that the transmission can shift in to. A 4-speed gear means the car can move between four different ranges of speed and RPM. For example, it allows the car to run at 10, 20, 45, and 60 kilometers per hour at 1,000 RPM. As it is a 4-speed transmission, it lets the car to run at that RPM for four different speeds. The car can be driven at 6 different speeds at that RPM range if it were a 6-speed transmission. A car with a 4 speed automatic transmission will accelerate slower than a 6-speed transmission because it has to cover more speed (mph or kph) before shifting to the next gear. Currently, most vehicles have either 5-speed or 6-speed transmission. Some of the best examples of 4-speed autos are Subaru Forester, Mazda Demio, Dodge Avenger SE, Scion xB, and many more.Otherwise, it does not make much of a difference. However, the benefits that you will get in a 5-speed transmission are: It will be a financially sensible decision to go for a 4 speed automatic transmission if you find it at a low price. More gears will just help the car to run its engine at the maximum RPM range for a longer time. The 4-speed autos will be behind a 5-speed regarding road performance but the latter one will warrant more maintenance and cost because of allowing the driver to shift more. Many drivers can give a different opinion but it appears to be the best option when you don’t fancy anything over-the-top and have a tight budget. He owns a car repair shop at downtown Osaka, and he put all that experience to good use in his sharing posts. Tsukasa’s blog is one of the best resources for information about keeping your favorite imported car running smoothly. Moreover, because of being passionate to learn about the recent happenings in auto industry, he doesn’t only provide great car maintenance tips, he also always updates latest trends in among car brands and share them in his own interesting viewpoint. Facts and Fallacies. There are several reasons why this trend toward increased automation in the power train is to be expected in Europe. The automobile is becoming more and more just a means to an end - it is used to get from Point A to Point B comfortably and little operating effort possible. Stringent exhaust and noise regulations require that vehicles be run at the optimum operating point - for instance during the warm-up phase. Without automatic gear selection, driver action could very well negate pollution control features. Modern automatic transmission designs can compete with manual transmissions in fuel consumption and driving performance. The added cost is in the price range of a good car radio. The advantages of more relaxed driving and the world-wide statistics indicating fewer accidents with automatic transmissions should not be underrated. This presentation will focus on several options for automating the power train, starting with the manual shift transmission equipped with an automated clutch and concluding with a look at continuously variable transmissions. For purposes of comparison, these examples are all based on a vehicle with a 3 L engine because either production or prototype models of all the various automatic systems exist for this vehicle class. Weight: 48 kg Length: 470 mm Figure 1: 5-speed manual transmission (MT) The transmission is very compact and weighs only 48 kg, including the dual mass flywheel and the shift linkage. Losses that are incurred as the result of electronic clutch management and slip strategies will be explained later when fuel consumption is compared. 140 These discussions will also account for the efficiency of the electrical drive and the battery. The overall space required (including the clutch actuation system) is considerably less than for the automatic transmissions discussed later. Only the actuator - with the electonics incorporated - requires space in addition to the normally very compact manual transmission. The transmission has a total drive ratio range of 4.82. This value is typical for the Power-to-weight ratio of the vehicle class treated in this study. It is not necessary to increase the transmission ratio for 1st gear (underdrive) because of the need to avoid exceeding the tire adhesion limit, and the ratio in 5th gear (overdrive) must not be too low because of acceptance problems with respect to acceleration capability in top gear. Even most 6-gear manual transmissions have drive ratio ranges of between 4 and 5. Additional costs for automated clutch systems, including the flywheel and the gear-shift mechanism, currently lie in the range of 25 to 30 of base transmission costs. The acceleration curve is a good indication of comfort. High acceleration peaks with resonant decay phases decrease comfort with non-automated clutches. With automated clutch management, even inexperienced drivers shifting gears in the partial load range can achieve the same shift quality as with a modern multi-ratio automatic transmission. This solution is already in production for commercial vehicles, which often have more than 10 gears. Because conventional automatic transmissions with planetary gears would be very expensive and complex to build, designers have equipped the shift linkage in these systems with either semi- or fully automatic servo system operation. The additional expense of these systems, even for transmissions with up to 16 gears, is within an acceptable range when compared to what it would cost for a conventional fully automatic transmission. Shifting gears is, however, not fully automatic; the driver decides based on his own judgement or a shift indicator whether to up or downshift. The driver pushes a shift level in the desired direction to shift up or down; it isn't necessary to select the appropriate gear slot. The interruption of tractive force - resulting from the clutch disengagement required to shift gears - occurs when the driver initiates the shift command and is prevented from occuring at an unwanted moment, which could occur with a fully automated system. Although the additional expense for fully automatic as opposed to semiautomatic, demand-activated transmissions is quite minimal, the interruption of tractive force could, however, be one reason why no automated power-shift transmission has ever been introduced for production commercial vehicles. Regardless of whether gear shifting is achieved using a servo cylinder or a stepped shifting mechanism, strategies need to be developed for engaging any gear under any circumstances. Because torque transfer in the synchromesh gearset is achieved using gear teeth, i.e. via positive contact, it is possible for the gear teeth to be touching at the moment the driver decides to engage gears. Under these conditions, it is impossible to complete the shifting operation without an additional adjustment to the system.